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List of Illustrations=ix

List of Contributors=xiii

Preface=xxiii

Introduction : Understanding Welfare Reform in the Canadian Provinces / PIERRE-MARC DAIGNEAULT ; DANIEL BÉLAND=1

Part I. International, Comparative, and Multilevel Perspectives

1. International Trends in Social Assistance / ROBERT HENRY COX=19

2. Federal Policies, National Trends, and Provincial Systems : A Comparative Analysis of Recent Developments in Social Assistance in Canada, 1990-2013 / GERARD W. BOYCHUK=35

3. An Overview of Social Assistance Trends in Canada / RONALD KNEEBONE ; KATHERINE WHITE=53

4. Low-Income and Inequality Trends in Canada / BRIAN MURPHY ; ANDREW HEISZ ; XUELIN ZHANG=93

Part II. The State of Social Assistance in the Provinces

5. Social Assistance in Ontario / PETER GRAEFE=111

6. Québec : The Ambivalent Politics of Social Solidarity / ALAIN NOËL=127

7. Social Assistance in British Columbia / JANE PULKINGHAM=143

8. Social Assistance in Alberta / DONNA E. WOOD=161

9. Saskatchewan : Development, Reform, and Retrenchment / RICK AUGUST=177

10. Social Assistance in Manitoba / WAYNE SIMPSON=193

11. Social Assistance in New Brunswick : Origins, Developments, and the Current Situation / LUC THÉRIAULT ; HÉLÈNE LEBRETON=209

12. Social Assistance in Nova Scotia : Mainstreaming "Employability" and Cutting Costs in a New Single-Tier System / STELLA LORD=223

13. Social Assistance in Newfoundland and Labrador / MATTHIEU MONDOU=239

14. Social Assistance in Prince Edward Island / KATHLEEN FLANAGAN=255

Part III. Contemporary Issues and Challenges

15. Gendering Social Assistance Reform / AMBER GAZSO=273

16. Entrenched Residualism : Social Assistance and People with Disabilities / MICHAEL J. PRINCE=289

17. Immigrants on Social Assistance in Canada : Who Are They and Why Are They There? / TRACY SMITH-CARRIER ; JENNIFER MITCHELL=305

18. Playing Catch-up with Ghosts : Income Assistance for First Nations on Reserve / MARTIN PAPILLON=323

19. Aging and Social Assistance in the Provinces / PATRIK MARIER ; ANNE-MARIE SÉGUIN=339

20. Shelter and the Street : Housing, Homelessness, and Social Assistance in the Canadian Provinces / MICHAEL J. PRINCE=353

21. Do Active Programs Work? A Review of Canadian Welfare-to-Work Experiments / KELLY FOLEY=367

Conclusion : A Brief Survey of Welfare Reform in the Canadian Provinces / DANIEL BÉLAND ; PIERRE-MARC DAIGNEAULT=381

Postface : From Welfare Reform―to Welfare Reformulation / SHERRI TORJMAN ; KEN BATTLE=395

Index=399

Tables

3.1. Recipients of Social Assistance by Family Type, British Columbia, 1995-2012=70

3.2. Recipients of Social Assistance by Family Type, Ontario, 2007-2013=72

3.3. Families Receiving Social Assistance by Type, Newfoundland and Labrador, 1991-2012=73

3.4. Recipients of Social Assistance, Persons with Disabilities, British Columbia and Alberta=74

5.1. Social Assistance Rates in Ontario, February 2014=117

5.2. Social Assistance Caseload, Ontario Works and ODSP, Average Monthly Cases, Fiscal Years 1995-1996 to 2012-2013=121

7.1. British Columbia Social Assistance Rates, Earnings Exemptions and Liquid Asset Exemption Levels, 2013=150

7.2. British Columbia Disability Assistance Caseload by Family Type and Change in Annual Average Caseload, 1995 and 2012 (Cases)=155

8.1. Key Features of Alberta's Income Support Programs, 2013=169

10.1. Manitoba Employment and Income Assistance Budget by Family Type, 2012, and Total Welfare Incomes in Manitoba Relative to the Low-Income Cut-Off and the Market Basket Measure, 2009=198

11.1. New Brunswick Social Assistance Monthly Rates, April 2014=215

11.2. Monthly Incomes of Hypothetical Reference Families on Social Assistance in NB=216

12.1. Comparison of Nova Scotia Welfare Incomes with Various Income Measures=228

12.2. Main Regulatory Components of the Nova Scotia ESIA Program=232

12.3. Total Welfare Incomes in Select Cases in Nova Scotia, 2012=234

12.4. ESIA Average Monthly Caseload in Select Fiscal Years by Family Composition=234

13.1. Monthly Rates for Basic Needs Income Support=247

14.1. Social Assistance Legislation in Prince Edward Island=258

14.2. Breakdown of 2011 Social Assistance Caseload by Family Structure and Living Arrangements=263

16.1. A Chronology of Major Disability Social Assistance Programs in Canada, 1930-2010=291

16.2. Social Assistance Recipiency of Working-Age People with and without Disabilities in Canada, by Low-Income Status, 2009=295

16.3. Maximum Annual Provincial Disability Social Assistance Benefits (2006 Constant Dollars)=296

16.4. Provincial Social Assistance Disability Benefit Expenditures, 2010-11=299

17.1. Immigration in Canada, 2012=308

18.1. Comparing Aboriginal Peoples, First Nations Members, and Other Canadians=326

19.1. Provincial Top-Up Programs for GIS, as of September 1, 2013=344

19.2. Housing Allowances for Seniors in Three Canadian Provinces, 2013=348

20.1. Canadian Research on People Who Are Homeless and Select Income Sources=362

Figures

2.1. Federal Interventions in Social Assistance, 1950-2005=36

2.2. Social Assistance Recipiency Rates and Employment Rates, 1990-2012, All Provinces (Median)=40

2.3. Social Assistance Recipiency Rates, Actual and Forecasted, 1990-2012, All Provinces (Median)=40

2.4. Social Assistance Recipiency Rates, Actual and Forecasted, 1990-2012, All Provinces (Median, Linear Trend Lines)=41

2.5. Benefit Adequacy Index by Family Type, 1989-2011, All Provinces (Median)=42

2.6. Correlation of Employment Rates and Social Assistance Recipiency Rates by Year, 1989-2011, All Provinces=46

2.7. Provincial Variation in the Benefit Adequacy Index by Family Type, 1989-2011, All Provinces (Standard Deviation as Per Cent of Category Average)=47

3.1. The Social Assistance Rate, Canada, 1969-2012=55

3.2. The Employment Ratio and the Social Assistance Rate, Canada=58

3.3. The Employment Ratio and the Social Assistance Rate, Ontario and Québec=60

3.4. The Employment Ratio and the Social Assistance Rate, Atlantic Provinces=62

3.5. The Employment Ratio and the Social Assistance Rate, Western Provinces=65

3.6. Social Assistance and Basic Needs by Family Type, Canadian Provinces, 1989-2012=79

3.7. Social Assistance, Basic Needs, and the Federal Pension, Canadian Provinces, 1989-2012=84

4.1. Low-Income, Unemployment, and Inequality Indicators, 1976-2011=96

4.2. Percentage Change in Average Low-Income Incidence by Characteristics=97

4.3. Percentage Change in Average Low-Income Incidence by Province=100

4.4. The Share of Income Held by the Top Quintile=101

4.5. The Share of Income Held by the Top One Per Cent of Income Earners=102

4.6. Percentage Difference in After-Tax Income Distribution without Social Assistance=104

6.1. Adults Receiving Social Assistance Benefits, by Household Type, Québec, March 1996-March 2013=135

7.1. BC Employment and Assistance Cases by Program, 1990-2012=153

7.2. BCEA Total Cases by Family Type, 1995-2012=154

8.1. Alberta Income Support Caseloads, 1969-1970 to 2011-2012=166

9.1. City and Town Relief, 1930-1936=178

9.2. Saskatchewan Basic Assistance Cases, 1964-1974=181

9.3. Saskatchewan Social Assistance Cases, 1974-2012=182

9.4. Benefits for a Single Person, July 2012=185

9.5. Benefits for a Single Parent, Two Children, July 2012=185

10.1. Total Welfare Income for Single Employables, 1986-2009=200

10.2. Total Welfare Income for Couples with Two Children, 1986-2009=201

10.3. Assistance Rates for Single Employables in Manitoba Compared to Those in Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Rest of Canada, 2009=202

10.4. Assistance Rates for a Couple with Two Children in Manitoba Compared to Those in Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Rest of Canada, 2009=203

11.1. Social Assistance and Employment in New Brunswick, January 1987 to November 2013=219

13.1. Evolution of Income Support Incidence Benefit Levels, 1991-2011=248

14.1. Social Assistance Rates in Prince Edward Island, 1969-2007=260

17.1. Unemployment and Employment Rates by Immigration Status for Those with a University Degree, 2014=313

17.2. SA Participation in Canada, 2001-2011=316

17.3. SA Participation in Ontario, 2001-2011=318

18.1. Income Assistance for First Nations Citizens on Reserves, 1981-2011=330

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Welfare reform in Canada : provincial social assistance in comparative perspective 이용현황 표 - 등록번호, 청구기호, 권별정보, 자료실, 이용여부로 구성 되어있습니다.
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Welfare Reform in Canada brings together top scholars and practitioners in the field of social welfare to provide a detailed assessment of the current state of social assistance in each Canadian province. It also offers key insights for the future of scholarly research and public policy action.

The book answers the need for more systematic knowledge on Canadian social assistance by offering conceptual, international, historical, and quantitative perspectives on welfare reform and by emphasizing the changes that have taken place since the end of the twentieth century. In ten case study chapters, contributors examine the key issues of social assistance in the Canadian context, including gender relations, disability, immigrants, aboriginal peoples, seniors, housing and homelessness, and the impact of activation programs.

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