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Preface=xx

Section 1. Fundamental Concepts and Theories : This section serves as a foundation for this exhaustive reference tool by addressing underlying principles essential to the understanding of Politics and Social Activism. Chapters found within these pages provide an excellent framework in which to position Politics and Social Activism within the field of information science and technology. Insight regarding the critical incorporation of global measures into Politics and Social Activism is addressed, while crucial stumbling blocks of this field are explored. With 16 chapters comprising this foundational section, the reader can learn and chose from a compendium of expert research on the elemental theories underscoring the Politics and Social Activism discipline.

Chapter 1. The Internet, National Citizenship, and the "Sovereignty Paradox" : Asylum-Seeking Migrants' Political Agency and "Technologized" Citizenship / Amadu Wurie Khan [University of Edinburgh, UK]=1

Chapter 2. Achieving Useful Government Accountability and Transparency Websites / Deborah S. Carstens [Florida Institute of Technology, USA] ; Stephen Kies [Florida Institute of Technology, USA] ; Randy Stockman [Florida Institute of Technology, USA]=26

Chapter 3. The Gamut of E-Government Research, Design, and Implementation : Key Issues / Kelvin Joseph Bwalya [University of Botswana, Botswana] ; Stephen Mutula [University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa]=49

Chapter 4. Democratising E-Democracy : A Roadmap for Impact / Francesco Molinari [University of Siena, Italy] ; Maggie McPherson [University of Leeds, UK] ; Gurmit Singh [University of Leeds, UK]=69

Chapter 5. G2C Marketing : Dimensions and Functions of ZRM / Babak Sohrabi [University of Tehran, Iran] ; Amir Khanlari [University of Tehran, Iran]=89

Chapter 6. Social Tyranny and Democratic Governance in the Information Age / Andrew Ward [University of Minnesota, USA]=106

Chapter 7. ICT in Direct Democracy : E-Referendum, a Well-Structured Direct Democratic Participation Evolvement or a Democratic Illusion? / Stavros Amanatidis [Novo Nordisk, Denmark] ; Olga Eirini Palla [Copenhagen University, Denmark]=129

Chapter 8. Digital Media, Secrecy, and International Lawmaking / Diliana Stoyanova [University of Helsinki, Finland]=138

Chapter 9. Sentiment Analysis, Social Media, and Public Administration / Daniel José Silva Oliveira [Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil] ; Paulo Henrique de Souza Bermejo [Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil] ; Pamela Aparecida dos Santos [Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil]=159

Chapter 10. Fashionable Functions : A Google Ngram View of Trends in Functional Differentiation (1800-2000) / Steffen Roth [ESC Rennes School of Business, France]=177

Chapter 11. A Review of the Factors Affecting User Satisfaction in Electronic Government Services / Vishanth Weerakkody [Brunel University, UK] ; Zahir Irani [Brunel University, UK] ; Habin Lee [Brunel University, UK] ; Nitham Hindi [Qatar University, Qatar] ; Ibrahim Osman [American University of Beirut, Lebanon]=204

Chapter 12. Globalizing Migration Dialogue : A Model for Combining Innovative Pedagogy, Community-Service Learning, and Research / Laura Talamante [California State University, Dominguez Hills, USA] ; Caroline Mackenzie [Aix-Marseille Université, France]=241

Chapter 13. Designing E-Government Platforms using Systems Thinking Perspectives and Performance Measurement Frameworks / Samuel C. Avemaria Utulu [University of Cape Town, South Africa & Redeemer's University, Nigeria] ; Kosheek Sewchurran [University of Cape Town, South Africa]=268

Chapter 14. Ontology Development and the Role of Knowledge in E-Government Project Management : A Lesson for Developing Countries / Bongani Ngwenya [Solusi University, Zimbabwe]=289

Chapter 15. A Semantic-Enabled Framework for E-Government Systems Development / Jean Vincent Fonou-Dombeu [Vaal University of Technology, South Africa] ; Magda Huisman [North-West University, South Africa]=311

Chapter 16. The Strategic Planning Process of Social Media Advertising in the Context of Integrated Marketing Communication / Füsun Topsümer [Ege University, Turkey] ; Dincer Yarkin [Gediz University, Turkey]=328

Section 2. Tools and Technologies : This section presents an extensive coverage of various tools and technologies available in the field of Politics and Social Activism that practitioners and academicians alike can utilize to develop different techniques. These chapters enlighten readers about fundamental research on the many tools facilitating the burgeoning field of Politics and Social Activism. It is through these rigorously researched chapters that the reader is provided with countless examples of the up-and-coming tools and technologies emerging from the field of Politics and Social Activism. With 16 chapters, this section offers a broad treatment of some of the many tools and technologies within the Politics and Social Activism field.

Chapter 17. Towards a Successful E-Government Implementation / Mehdi Sagheb-Tehrani [Columbus State University, USA]=341

Chapter 18. An Overview of E-Government Technological Divide in Developing Countries / Rafiat A. Oyekunle [University of Ilorin, Nigeria] ; H. B. Akanbi-Ademolake [University of Ilorin, Nigeria]=365

Chapter 19. Citizen Education and Technology / Lesley Farmer [California State University-Long Beach, USA]=380

Chapter 20. The Promise of Open Source Systems/Software in Developing Requisite E-Government Solutions for the Developing Countries : A Review of Literature / Adeyinka Tella [University of Ilorin, Nigeria] ; Adetayo O. Tella [University of Ibadan, Nigeria]=393

Chapter 21. E-Procurement System as an E-Government Platform : Case of South Korea / Young Jin Shin [PaiChai University, South Korea]=410

Chapter 22. Social Media and Free Knowledge : Case Study―Public Opinion Formation / Jose Aguilar [Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela] ; Oswaldo Terán [Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela]=433

Chapter 23. Towards E-Government Information Platforms for Enterprise 2.0 / Mário Rodrigues [University of Aveiro, Portugal] ; Gonҫalo Paiva Dias [University of Aveiro, Portugal] ; António Teixeira [University of Aveiro, Portugal]=467

Chapter 24. IT and Collaborative Community Services : The Roles of the Public Library, Local Government, and Nonprofit Entity Partnerships / Natalie Greene Taylor [University of Maryland College Park, USA] ; Ursula Gorham [University of Maryland College Park, USA] ; Paul T. Jaeger [University of Maryland College Park, USA] ; John Carlo Bertot [University of Maryland College Park, USA]=487

Chapter 25. Cloud Computing and Gov 2.0 : Traditionalism or Transformation across the Canadian Public Sector? / Jeffrey Roy [Dalhousie University, Canada]=504

Chapter 26. ICTs : Convenient, Yet Subsidiary Tools in Changing Democracy / Kerill Dunne [Independent Researcher, Ireland]=522

Chapter 27. DICTION as a Tool for Studying the Mass Media / R. Lance Holbert [The Ohio State University, USA]=536

Chapter 28. Bridging Women Rights Networks : Analyzing Interconnected Online Collective Actions / Serpil T. Yuce [University of Arkansas, USA] ; Nitin Agarwal [University of Arkansas, USA] ; Rolf T. Wigand [University of Arkansas, USA] ; Merlyna Lim [Carleton University, Canada] ; Rebecca S. Robinson [Arizona State University, USA]=551

Chapter 29. Human Enhancement Technologies and Democratic Citizenship / Jean-Paul Gagnon [Australian Catholic University, Australia]=572

Chapter 30. Technology-Enhanced Pedagogical Models to Learn Critical Citizenship at a South African University / Patient Rambe [Central University of Technology, South Africa] ; Edem Agbobli [Central University of Technology, South Africa]=587

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Chapter 31. Internet Use and Destination Preferences : Evidence from Crete and Cyprus / Nikolaos Pappas [Leeds Metropolitan University, UK]=613

Chapter 32. Smartphone-Based Digital Government Model : The Case of the Beyaz Masa (White Table) App in Turkey / Ronan de Kervenoael [Sabanci University, Turkey & Aston Business School, UK] ; Egemen Sekeralp [Pordiva Bilisim Teknolojileri A.S., Turkey]=632

Section 3. Utilization and Application : This section discusses a variety of applications and opportunities available that can be considered by practitioners in developing viable and effective Politics and Social Activism programs and processes. This section includes 13 chapters that review topics from case studies to best practices and ongoing research. Further chapters discuss Politics and Social Activism in a variety of settings. Contributions included in this section provide excellent coverage of today's IT community and how research into Politics and Social Activism is impacting the social fabric of our present-day global village.

Chapter 33. Evaluating E-Government / Fotini Patsioura [University of Macedonia, Greece]=658

Chapter 34. Googling Democracy : A Comparison of Democracy Promoters on the Internet / Nelli Babayan [Freie Universität Berlin, Germany] ; Stefano Braghiroli [University of Tartu, Estonia]=677

Chapter 35. Exploring Humanitarian Law : Tools and Methods for Fostering Global Citizenship / Mary Jane Harkins [Mount Saint Vincent University, Canada] ; Catherine Baillie Abidi [Saint Francis Xavier University, Canada] ; Taunya Pynn Crowe [Cobequid Educational Centre, Canada] ; Renata Verri [Horton High School, Canada]=692

Chapter 36. Exploring the Development of M-Government : Case Studies of Korea and Kenya's Mobile Banking Sector / Yejoo Kim [Stellenbosch University, South Africa]=717

Chapter 37. Value Assessment in E-Government and M-Government / Shu Wen Lee [Nanyang Technological University, Singapore] ; Pek Hia Lai [Nanyang Technological University, Singapore]=735

Chapter 38. The Adoption of Web 2.0 by the State Government : The Role of Political Environment and Governors / Michael J. Ahn [University of Massachusetts, USA] ; Michael Berardino [University of Massachusetts, USA]=753

Chapter 39. Adoption of Social Media Services : The Case of Local Government Organizations in Australia / Mohd Hisham Mohd Sharif [University of Adelaide, Australia] ; Indrit Troshani [University of Adelaide, Australia] ; Robyn Davidson [University of Adelaide, Australia]=771

Chapter 40. Transformation in Daytime Television Programs in Turkey since 2000 / Ece Karadogan Doruk [İstanbul University, Turkey]=788

Chapter 41. Construction and Initial Validation of a Dictionary for Global Citizen Linguistic Markers / Stephen Reysen [Texas A&M University Commerce, USA] ; Lindsey Pierce [Texas A&M University Commerce, USA] ; Gideon Mazambani [Texas A&M University Commerce, USA] ; Ida Mohebpour [Texas A&M University Commerce, USA] ; Curtis Puryear [Texas A&M University Commerce, USA] ; Jamie S. Snider [Texas A&M University Commerce, USA] ; Shonda Gibson [Texas A&M University Commerce, USA] ; Marion E. Blake [Texas A&M University Kingsville, USA]=809

Chapter 42. An Assessment of E-Government in a West African Country : The Case of Nigeria / Francis Amagoh [KIMEP University, Kazakhstan]=823

Chapter 43. Is Political Participation Online Effective? A Case Study of the E-Democracy Initiative Conducted by the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies / Patrícia G. C. Rossini [Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil] ; Rousiley C. M. Maia [Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil]=844

Chapter 44. Government Spending Transparency on the Internet : An Assessment of Greek Bottom-Up Initiatives over the Diavgeia Project / Evika Karamagioli [University of Athens, Greece] ; Eleni-Revekka Staiou [University of Athens, Greece] ; Dimitris Gouscos [University of Athens, Greece]=866

Chapter 45. Exploring Consumer Empowerment in Consumption Communities Based in Social Media / Imene Ben Yahia [Institut Superieur de Finance et de Fiscalité de Sousse (ISFFS), Tunisia] ; Lilia El Ferci [ARBRE, High Institute of Management Tunis, Tunisia]=884

Section 4. Organizational and Social Implications : This section includes a wide range of research pertaining to the social and behavioral impact of Politics and Social Activism around the world. Chapters introducing this section critically analyze and discuss trends in Politics and Social Activism. Also investigating a concern within the field of Politics and Social Activism is research which discusses the effect of user behavior on Politics and Social Activism. With 18 chapters, the discussions presented in this section offer research into the integration of global Politics and Social Activism as well as implementation of ethical and workflow considerations for all organizations.

Chapter 46. E-Government Transparency and Citizen Engagement Increasing Accountability / Deborah S. Carstens [Florida Institute of Technology, USA] ; Stephen Kies [Florida Institute of Technology, USA] ; Randy Stockman [Florida Institute of Technology, USA]=902

Chapter 47. Towards a Citizen-Centric E-Government Service Index Model : Developments and Impediments within the Egyptian Context / Mohamed R. Zakaria [Al Ghurair University, UAE] ; Tarek R. Gebba [Al Ghurair University, UAE] ; Mohamed Gamal Aboelmaged [Ain Shams University, Egypt]=928

Chapter 48. Religious Social Movements and Economic Welfare in Modern Turkey / Cemile Zehra Köroğlu [Gümüşhane University, Turkey] ; Muhammet Ali Köroğlu [Gümüşhane University, Turkey]=948

Chapter 49. Collaborative Governance Matters to E-Government Interoperability : An Analysis of Citizen-Centric Integrated Interoperable E-Government Implementation in Saudi Arabia / Akemi Takeoka Chatfield [University of Wollongong, Australia] ; Jazem AlAnazi [King Saud University, Saudi Arabia]=970

Chapter 50. Legal Empowerment as Social Entrepreneurship : The KwaZulu-Natal Cases of Bulwer and New Hanover / Fayth Ruffin [University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa] ; Winnie Kubayi Martins [Centre for Community Justice and Development, South Africa]=993

Chapter 51. The Relationship between Trust and Citizens' Adoption of E-Government / Ameen Alazzam [Yarmouk University, Jordan]=1018

Chapter 52. Citizenship @ the Edge of Two Worlds : The Connection between Theories of Citizenship Education and the Study of Niche Online Communities / Robert McGray [Concordia University, Canada] ; Tieja Thomas [Concordia University, Canada]=1029

Chapter 53. Identity, Citizenship, and Moral Constructs from the Virtual Self / Stewart Martin [University of Hull, UK]=1042

Chapter 54. Citizen In/Action : Analyzing Online Forums for Pedagogical Insight / Tieja Thomas [Concordia University, Canada] ; Nicole Fournier-Sylvester [Concordia University, Canada] ; Vivek Venkatesh [Concordia University, Canada]=1057

Chapter 55. Interactions between the Governed and Their Governments : The Democratic Paradigm / Diogo Santos [Federal University of Maranhao, Brazil & Dom Bosco University, Brazil]=1078

Chapter 56. Frienemies : Assessing the Interactions between Native American Tribes and the U.S. Government in Homeland Security and Emergency Management Policy / Leigh R. Anderson [The Ohio State University, USA]=1095

Chapter 57. Engaging Social Movements in Developing Innovative Retail Business Models / Roberta Sebastiani [Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy] ; Francesca Montagnini [University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy]=1116

Chapter 58. Citizens and E-Government : Perceptions in Nigeria / Gbolahan Olasina [University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa]=1131

Chapter 59. Niche and Community Online : Artists' Tactical Media Activities as Pedagogy / Patti Pente [University of Alberta, Canada]=1142

Chapter 60. Citizens' Voice and Adoption of Pakistani E-Government Services / Muhammad Ovais Ahmad [University of Oulu, Finland] ; Jouni Markkula [University of Oulu, Finland] ; Markku Oivo [University of Oulu, Finland]=1155

Chapter 61. Trolls Just Want To Have Fun : Electronic Aggression within the Context of e-Participation and Other Online Political Behaviour in the United Kingdom / Shefali Virkar [University of Oxford, UK]=1172

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Chapter 62. Organizational Citizenship Behavior : A Field Study in the Italian Hospitality Industry / Francesca Di Virgilio [University of Molise, Italy] ; Angelo Presenza [University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy] ; Lorn Sheehan [Dalhousie University, Canada]=1207

Chapter 63. The Impact of Perceived Organizational Politics on Work Attitudes : The Moderating Role of Leader-Member-Exchange Quality / Prerna Chhetri [ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, India] ; Nikhat Afshan [ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, India] ; Srabasti Chatterjee [ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, India]=1229

Section 5. Critical Issues : This section contains 14 chapters, giving a wide variety of perspectives on Politics and Social Activism and its implications. Within the chapters, the reader is presented with an in-depth analysis of the most current and relevant issues within this growing field of study. Crucial questions are addressed and alternatives offered along with theoretical approaches discussed.

Chapter 64. Shaping Digital Democracy in the United States : My.barackobama.com and Participatory Democracy / Rachel Baarda [University of Ottawa, Canada] ; Rocci Luppicini [University of Ottawa, Canada]=1244

Chapter 65. Trends in e-Strategic Management : How do Governments Transform their Policies? / Leonidas Anthopoulos [Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Larissa, Greece] ; Panos Fitsilis [Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Larissa, Greece]=1263

Chapter 66. Communicative Planning Theory Following Deliberative Democracy Theory : Critical Pragmatism and the Trading Zone Concept / Raine Mäntysalo [Aalto University School of Engineering, Finland] ; Karoliina Jarenko [Aalto University School of Engineering, Finland]=1288

Chapter 67. What is Needed to Advance Transformational E-Government and Why : A Different Approach to Project Management / Shauneen Furlong [University of Liverpool, UK]=1302

Chapter 68. Towards an Interactive E-Government System in Sub-Saharan Africa : Prospects and Challenges / Charles Conteh [Brock University, Canada] ; Greg Smith [Nimbus Information Management Solutions, Canada]=1323

Chapter 69. Professional Development Needs and Resources for Government Document Librarians / Susanne Caro [University of Montana, USA]=1339

Chapter 70. Quality Approaches for Performance Measurement in Jordanian E-Government Services / Sitalakshmi Venkatraman [Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE, Australia] ; Mamoun Alazab [Australian National University, Australia]=1356

Chapter 71. Feral Government? The Limitations of Critical Success Factors in the Context of Major Government IT Projects / Annie Maddison [Cranfield University, UK]=1375

Chapter 72. Big Data for Digital Government : Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies / Yu-Che Chen [University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA] ; Tsui-Chuan Hsieh [National Development Council, Taiwan]=1394

Chapter 73. What Does E- add to Democracy? Designing an Agenda for Democracy Theory in the Information Age / Patricia Mindus [Uppsala University, Sweden]=1408

Chapter 74. Are Greek High School Students Environmental Citizens? A Cluster Analysis Approach / Despina Sdrali [Harokopio University, Greece] ; Nikolaos Galanis [Harokopio University, Greece] ; Maria Goussia-Rizou [Harokopio University, Greece] ; Konstadinos Abeliotis [Harokopio University, Greece]=1430

Chapter 75. E-Governance in Africa and the Challenges Confronting Urban E-Planning : Lusophone African Countries / Carlos Nunes Silva [University of Lisbon, Portugal]=1443

Chapter 76. A Democratic Approach to Strategic Management in Sport Organizations / Robert C. Schneider [The College at Brockport, SUNY, USA]=1466

Chapter 77. The Opportunities and Challenges of using Email for Political Communication in Authoritarian States : A Case of Zimbabwe's Media Monitoring Project / Sam Takavarasha, Jr. [University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe] ; Eldred Masunungure [University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe]=1488

Section 6. Emerging Trends : This section highlights research potential within the field of Politics and Social Activism while exploring uncharted areas of study for the advancement of the discipline. Introducing this section are chapters that set the stage for future research directions and topical suggestions for continued debate, centering on the new venues and forums for discussion. A pair of chapters on space-time makes up the middle of the section of the final 11 chapters, and the book concludes with a look ahead into the future of the Politics and Social Activism field. In all, this text will serve as a vital resource to practitioners and academics interested in the best practices and applications of the burgeoning field of Politics and Social Activism.

Chapter 78. Government 2.0 : Innovation for E-Democracy / Malgorzata Pankowska [University of Economics in Katowice, Poland]=1509

Chapter 79. Politicking the Information Technology Strategy in Organisations / Tiko Iyamu [Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa]=1528

Chapter 80. Realigning Governance : From E-Government to E-Democracy for Social and Economic Development / Bongani Ngwenya [Solusi University, Bulawayo]=1555

Chapter 81. Systemic Enterprise Architecture as Future : Tackling Complexity in Governments in the Cusp of Change / Pallab Saha [National University of Singapore, Singapore]=1582

Chapter 82. Foresights and Practice in Technology Development for E-Government Applications : A Global Compendium of Approaches / Kelvin Joseph Bwalya [University of Botswana, Botswana & University of Johannesburg, South Africa]=1649

Chapter 83. To Participation and Beyond? Developing E-Democracy in Bristol, UK / Paul Burton [Griffith University, Australia] ; Stephen Hilton [Bristol City Council, UK]=1662

Chapter 84. Critical Perspectives of E-Government in Developing World : Insights from Emerging Issues and Barriers / Gbenga Emmanuel Afolayan [University of York, UK]=1676

Chapter 85. Wired for Change? Information and Communication Technologies Shaping Public Administrative Reform for Development in Karnataka, India / Shefali Virkar [University of Oxford, UK]=1696

Chapter 86. Impact and Potential of Emerging Technologies for Fostering Democracy / Amir Manzoor [Bahria University, Pakistan]=1721

Chapter 87. Constructing Multicultural Society on Web : Minorities on Information Society / Vildan Mahmutoğlu [Galatasaray University, Turkey]=1749

Chapter 88. Consulting the British Public in the Digital Age : Technological Innovation and Internet Addiction in the Web 2.0 Era / Shefali Virkar [University of Oxford, UK]=1763

Index=xxiii