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Title page
Contents
Executive summary 8
Introduction 8
The subjects of the evaluation 8
The method of approach to the evaluation 8
Evaluation findings 9
Recommendations 14
Abstract 16
Summary statement 17
Document de synthese 19
1. Introduction 19
2. Les sujets d'evaluation 19
3. L'approche methodologique utilisee pour l'evaluation 20
4. Resultats de l'evaluation 20
Recommandations 26
Resume 28
Expose sommaire 29
Zusammenfassung 31
1. Einführung 31
2. Gegenstand der Evaluation 31
3. Methodischer Ansatz fur die Evaluation 32
4. Evaluationsergebnisse 32
5. Empfehlungen 38
Kurzdarstellung 41
Zusammenfassende Feststellung 42
1. Introduction 44
1.1. Definition of cultural and creative sectors 44
1.2. Overarching context of the CCS 45
1.2.1. A fragmented market being reshaped by digital technologies 46
1.2.2. The context specific to the audiovisual sector 47
1.2.3. The context specific to the Culture sectors 51
1.3. EU Policy Context 55
1.4. Presentation of the Programmes 57
1.4.1. Sector funding schemes have adapted to the changing contexts in which they operate, but remain small compared to the CCS' overall size 57
1.4.2. MEDIA 2007 58
1.4.3. MEDIA Mundus 2011 59
1.4.3. MEDIA Mundus 2011-2013 59
1.4.4. Culture 2007-2013 60
1.4.5. Creative Europe 2014-2020 62
2. Methodological approach 71
2.1. Objectives of the evaluation and study design 71
2.2. Study design and key deliverables 71
2.3. Key challenges and how these were addressed 73
2.4. Strengths and limitations of the method 74
3. Findings 76
3.1. Relevance 76
3.1.1. Creative Europe addresses the key challenges of the cultural and creative sectors 76
3.1.2. Creative Europe responds to both the ongoing and emerging needs of the AV and Culture sectors 78
3.1.3. The schemes offered under Creative Europe are relevant to stakeholder needs but there is scope for improvement 84
3.2. Coherence 88
3.2.1. Internal coherence 88
3.2.2. External coherence 93
3.3. Effectiveness 98
3.3.1. Predecessor and current programmes are effective in supporting the 'flowering' of EU cultures and cultural expressions 98
3.3.2. The predecessor programmes made a significant contribution against the EU strategic priorities, although more could have been done to 'put the citizen first' and tap into 'new' technologies 99
3.3.3. Creative Europe delivers on the strategic EU priorities, but the Programme impact on creating employment is weaker for the Culture Sub-programme 101
3.3.4. Predecessor programmes have been delivering on most of their general and specific objectives, however... 103
3.3.5. Creative Europe effectively balances the general objectives of diversity and competitiveness 105
3.3.6. The Creative Europe and its Sub-programmes have been fairly effective in achieving most of their specific objectives and priorities, but... 116
3.3.7. The Digital Single Market Strategy (DSMS) and Agenda for Culture should be better recognised as transversal to Creative Europe, to maximise its contribution to these strategies 125
3.3.8. The MEDIA and Culture predecessor programmes were effective overall in delivering their key outputs, results and impacts, while the MEDIA Mundus impact was fragmented 130
3.3.9. Creative Europe overall delivers it planned outputs, results and impacts, but effectiveness could be improved for some aspects of the supported schemes 137
3.3.10. Creative Europe is open to a diversity of participants, including smaller operators and companies 152
3.3.11. The Creative Europe schemes have clear objectives and the indicators to monitor their performance have been proposed by the new Programme Monitoring Framework (PMF) 153
3.4. Efficiency 154
3.4.1. Budgets allocated to the Programmes were not sufficient to meet objectives of creating major impact of a European scale and/or at sectoral level 154
3.4.2. Shortcomings at different stages of the implementation of the Programmes were identified and, although improvements have been made over time, there is room for further improvement 156
3.4.3. The cost effectiveness of the programmes was satisfactory and improved from one programming period to another 161
3.5. Sustainability 163
3.5.1. The main sustained impact is found in the networks and partnerships developed 164
3.5.2. Improving the dissemination of results will support the sustainability of impacts 165
3.6. EU Added Value 166
3.6.1. Most supported activities would not have happened without the EU funding 166
3.6.2. The main EU added value comes from the transnational character of the programmes 169
3.6.3. Over time, the funding has supported organisations to scale up their work with a European dimension 171
4. Recommendations 174
4.1. Relevance 174
4.2. Coherence 175
4.3. Effectiveness 176
4.4. Efficiency 177
4.5. Sustainability 177
4.6. EU added value 177
Annex 1. Intervention logics of Creative Europe and its predecessor programmes 179
A1.1. Creative Europe 181
A1.2. MEDIA Programmes field 185
A1.3. Culture programmes field 187
Annex 2. Outputs, results and impacts of schemes 189
A2.1. Predecessor MEDIA and Culture programmes 192
A2.2. Current MEDIA and Culture Sub-programmes 201
Annex 3. Tables for the efficiency assessment of selection MEDIA and Culture schemes 219
Annex 4. List of key informant interviews undertaken 243
Table 1. Cultural participation patterns by subsector (2007, 2013): At least one visit in the last 12 months 53
Table 2. Cultural participation in non-national European activities, by subsector (2013): At least one visit in the last 12 months 54
Table 3. MEDIA 2007: Supported schemes and spend per scheme 59
Table 4. Culture Programme 2007: Supported schemes and spend per scheme 62
Table 5. Creative Europe MEDIA Sub-programme: Supported schemes and spend per scheme 65
Table 6. Creative Europe MEDIA Sub-programme: Supported schemes and spend per scheme 67
Table 7. Comparison between Culture 2007 and Creative Europe Culture Sub-programme: spend per scheme 68
Table 8. Creative Europe Cross-Sectoral Strand: Supported schemes and spend per scheme 70
Table 9. Balance between 'diversity' and 'competitiveness' general objectives of the Creative Europe Programme 106
Table 10. Estimation of the Culture programmes support by culture sub-sector 114
Table 11. Extent Creative Europe has been effective in reaching its specific objectives 116
Table 12. Extent MEDIA Sub-programme has been effective in reaching its priorities 118
Table 13. Extent Culture Sub-programme has been effective in reaching its priorities 120
Table 14. Predecessor MEDIA - key outputs, results and impacts 131
Table 15. Predecessor Culture - key outputs, results and impacts 135
Table 16. Key outputs, results and impacts of the MEDIA Sub-programme 140
Table 17. Key outputs, results and impacts of the Culture Sub-programme 146
Table 18. Signed Guarantee agreements and effect on the amounts of loans and number of SMEs reached in the sector 149
Table 19. Amounts awarded (in EUR million) under Creative Europe at mid-term (2016 data incl.) and under the predecessor programmes 155
Table 20. Variation in average annual amounts by schemes across the two programming periods 155
Table 21. Cinema Automatic: Estimated change to organisations' activities without funding (for combined programming period) 167
Table 22. Cooperation Projects: Estimated change to organisations' activities without funding 167
Table 23. Transnational Activities: Estimated reduction in number of Transnational Activities without programme support 169
Table 24. Repeat beneficiaries by selected MEDIA scheme (across both programming periods) 172
Table 25. Estimated repeat beneficiaries by selected Culture scheme (across both programming periods) 173
Table 26. Examples of the structuring effect by scheme 174
Figure 1. Employment in the CCS, 2008-2015 (EU28) 46
Figure 2. Comparison between MEDIA 2007 and Creative Europe MEDIA Sub-programme: spend per scheme 66
Figure 3. Comparison between Culture 2007 and Creative Europe Culture Sub-programme: spend per scheme 70
Figure 4. Method of approach for the evaluation 72
Figure 5. How effective has the MEDIA Programme (2007-2013) been in relation to the following objective: Reduced imbalances in the European audiovisual market (i.e. levelled playing field) 109
Figure 6. How effective has the Creative Europe MEDIA Sub-programme been in relation to the following objective: Reduced imbalances in the European audiovisual market (i.e. levelled playing field) 110
Figure 7. Geographical spread of current of or potential beneficiaries of the CCS GF 150
Figure 8. Comparative assessment of the efficiency of the schemes under the predecessor programmes and continued under creative Europe 162
Annex Tables
Table A2.1. Summary of Distribution Schemes' key inputs, outputs and results 195
Table A2.2. Cinema Automatic and Cinema Selective key impacts 197
Table A2.3. Summary of MEDIA Sub-programme's distribution schemes' inputs, outputs and results, compared to predecessor MEDIA 2007 206
Table A2.4. Cinema Automatic and Cinema Selective 208
Table A2.5. Key inputs, outputs and results of the current MEDIA promotion schemes (2014-2016), compared to predecessor Programme 210
Table A2.6. Distribution of promotion projects by PCC 211
Table A2.7. Platform - Key achievements 215
Table A3.1. Variations in average cost per projects for selected MEDIA schemes under the two programming periods 221
Table A3.2. Variations in average cost per projects for selected Culture schemes under the two programming periods 222
Table A3.3. Success and ineligibility rate of applications received under a selection of MEDIA schemes over 2007-2016 223
Table A3.4. Success rate of applications received under a selection of Culture schemes 223
Table A3.5. Overview table - amounts awarded per year and key results - for some MEDIA scheme(s) 226
Table A3.6. Overview table - amounts awarded and key results - for some Culture scheme(s) 237
Table A3.7. Comparison of CCS market and supported CCS entities 241
Table A3.8. Management costs of Creative Europe and predecessor programmes 242
Table A4.1. National policy makers 245
Table A4.2. Creative Europe Desks 245
Table A4.3. Organisations representing the sector on the national level 246
Table A4.4. National funding organisations 247
Table A4.5. EU Commission and the EACEA officers 248
Table A4.6. EU subsectors organisations 248
Table A4.7. European and international organisations 249
Annex Figures
Figure A1.1. Integrated intervention logic for the Creative Europe programme and predecessor programmes 182
Figure A1.2. Intervention Logic for the Cross-sectoral Strand 184
Figure A1.3. Integrated intervention logic for MEDIA programmes field 186
Figure A1.4. Integrated intervention logic for Culture programmes field 188
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