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자료명/저자사항
Foot and mouth disease vaccination and post-vaccination monitoring : guidelines / Giancarlo Ferrari [and four others]. 인기도
발행사항
Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ; Paris : World Organisation for Animal Health, 2016.
청구기호
Only available full-text DB
자료실
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내용구분
research papers
형태사항
1 online resource : PDF
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외부기관 원문
면수
69
표준번호/부호
ISBN: 9789251093498
ISBN: 9789295108257
제어번호
MONO2201814408
주기사항
December 2016.
원문

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Title page

Contents

FOREWORD 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7

ACKNOWLEDGEMTNE 8

INTRODUCTION 9

CHAPTER 1. VACCINE ATTRIBUTES 13

1.1. Introduction 14

1.2. Vaccine types 14

1.3. Vaccine matching and criteria for selection of vaccine strains 14

1.4. Vaccine quality 15

1.4.1. Requirements during manufacturing process 15

1.4.2. Requirements for vaccine registration process 16

1.5. Considerations when purchasing vaccine 16

1.5.1. Vaccine purchase through a tender procedure 16

1.5.2. Vaccine supply to the tenderer 17

1.6. Checklist for vaccine selection 17

CHAPTER 2. VACCINE PROGRAMME, DELIVERY, SCHEDULE AND COVERAGE 18

2.1. Introduction 19

2.2. Objectives of a vaccination programme 19

2.3. Vaccine delivery 20

2.3.1. Packaging 20

2.3.2. Cold chain and logistics management 20

2.4. Vaccination schedule 20

2.5. Vaccine coverage 21

2.6. Checklist for implementing vaccination 22

CHAPTER 3. EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE 24

3.1. Introduction 25

3.2. Use of serological tests for post-vaccination monitoring 27

3.2.1. Antibody responses to structural proteins 27

3.2.2. Correlation between structural protein antibody responses and protection 28

3.2.3. Antibody responses to non-structural proteins 28

3.3. Small-scale trial for the evaluation of vaccine quality 28

3.3.1. Vaccination protocol and blood sampling 29

3.3.2. Antibody testing 29

3.3.3. Interpretation of the results 29

3.4. Evaluation of immune responses in vaccinated animals under field conditions 31

3.5. Post-vaccination monitoring to assess immunity at population level 32

3.5.1. Post-vaccination monitoring to assess population immunity at individual animal level 35

3.5.2. Post-vaccination monitoring to assess population immunity at herd level 36

3.6. Checklist for post-vaccination monitoring of immunity 37

CHAPTER 4. MONITORING THE IMPACT OF VACCINATION AND OTHER CONTROL MEASURES 38

4.1. Introduction 39

4.2. Vaccine efficacy and effectiveness 39

4.3. Investigating outbreaks in vaccinated animals 40

4.4. Effectiveness of a foot and mouth disease control programme 41

4.5. Monitoring 42

4.6. Status at the start of implementation 42

4.7. Expected outcomes 43

REFERENCES 44

ANNEX 1. MONITORING VACCINE COVERAGE 48

ANNEX 2. STATISTICAL METHODS FOR DESIGNING FIELD SURVEYS OF POPULATION IMMUNITY 54

ANNEX 3. STRENGTHENING VETERINARY SERVICES 66

ANNEX 4. VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS 67

Table I. Overview of the components of post-vaccination monitoring by chapter 10

Table II. Overview of post-vaccination monitoring of immunity as discussed in Chapter 3 11

Table III. Effect of antigenic differences on serological test results 27

Table IV. List of variables that can affect the reliability of serological results and possible control measures to consider 27

Table V. Summary of titre values that correlate with protection from Barnett et al. (3) 28

Table VI. Liquid-phase blocking ELISA antibodies titre that correlate with 75% expected percentage protection 28

Table VII. Strategic purpose of a control programme and indicators of success 42

Fig. 1. Considerations and approaches for independent testing of vaccine batches and calibration of serological tests for post-vaccination monitoring 26

Fig. 2. Use of serology to set thresholds for monitoring vaccine induced immunity 30

Fig. 3. Example of a vaccine trial interpretation of likelihood of protection based on the level of antibody elicited 30

Fig. 4. Example population to illustrate non-vaccinated, vaccinated and vaccinated but not immune components 33

Fig. 5. The elements of control of foot and mouth disease 39

Fig. 6. Disease outbreak investigation - Considerations and contributory factors 40

Fig. 7. Disease outbreak investigation Determining the relation between timing of the vaccination campaign and the incubation period of the outbreak 41

Boxes

BOX 1. FMD case (OIE Terrestrial Code, Chapter 8.6.1) 43

BOX 2. FMDV infection (OIE Terrestrial Code, Chapter 8.6.1) 43

BOX 3. FMDV circulation (OIE Terrestrial Code, Chapter 8.6.42) 43

Annex Tables

Table 1. The relationship between rate of transmission in thepopulation and vaccination coverage needed to halt virus spread (f × h = 1 - 1/R0) 48

Table 2. Batches and doses registration book 52

Table 3. Vaccination campaign indicators 53

Table 4. Sample numbers required 56

Table 5. Hypothetical results obtained 61

Table 6. Cluster results using the PPS method 61

Table 7. Cluster results for weighted prevalence 62

Table 8. Weighted values to solve equation 17 63

Table 9. Information collected during a retrospective cohort vaccine effectiveness investigation 68

Annex Figures

Fig. 1. Vaccination card 50

  • 출판사 책소개 (알라딘 제공)

    The past decade has witnessed important developments in the control of foot and mouth disease (FMD). The Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) provides a novel stepwise methodology for a cost-effective, risk-management approach to FMD control, and is now the backbone for the implementation of the FAO-OIE Global Foot and Mouth Disease Control Strategy (2012). The costs of vaccination, one of the most important tools for managing FMD, represent 90% of the total expense of controlling the disease, so it is essential to plan and evaluate vaccine and vaccination effectiveness to convince decision-makers to continue implementing rigorous control measures. These guidelines are designed to guide and assess national or sub-national vaccination programmes at various stages of the PCP-FMD, and will also be helpful for countries looking to regain FMD-free status following an incursion of the disease, in accordance with OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code standards. They stress the importance of having up-to-date information on virus strains circulating in a given area and highlight the need for effective Veterinary Services in implementing FMD control programmes. Given that readers may not necessarily be FMD specialists, the contributors have sought to provide a balance of scientific background, methodology and practical examples.

    These guidelines are designed to guide and assess national or sub-national vaccination programmes at various stages of the PCP-FMD, and will also be helpful for countries looking to regain FMD-free status following an incursion of the disease, in accordance with OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code standards.

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