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Title page
Contents
ABSTRACT 2
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9
1. INTRODUCTION 17
1.1. Objectives 17
1.2. Background 17
1.3. Methodology 18
1.4. Relation to other studies 21
1.5. Limitations 21
1.6. Implications for the evolution of the Better Regulation process 22
1.7. Structure of this report 23
2. THE DSM STRATEGY AND DIGITISATION OF EUROPE 24
2.1. The DSM strategy and cross-border e-commerce 25
2.2. The continuing evolution of the digitisation of European society 28
3. OVERALL SINGLE MARKET BENEFITS 31
3.1. Ex ante estimates of the benefits of the Single Market 32
3.2. Ex post estimates of the benefits of the Single Market 34
3.3. Ex ante estimates of the benefits of the Digital Single Market (DSM) 37
4. BENEFITS OF SPECIFIC DSM STRATEGY INITIATIVES 40
4.1. A taxonomy of DSM measures 40
4.2. Benefits of the DSM Strategy measures enacted or proposed 44
4.2.1. E-commerce, content and online platforms 45
4.2.2. Intellectual Property 46
4.2.3. Data and AI 47
4.2.4. Trust and security 48
4.2.5. E-Government 49
4.2.6. Consumer protection 49
4.2.7. Electronic communications networks and services 50
4.3. Summary of overall benefits 52
4.4. Reconciliation of the estimates 54
5. POSSIBLE INITIATIVES TO REALISE MORE OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET 57
5.1. The overall approach to the Digital Single Market going forward 58
5.2. Rounding out the measures enacted during the current legislative term 59
5.2.1. Expanding the scope of consumer protection 60
5.2.2. Further enhancing broadband deployment, adoption and usage 61
5.2.3. Addressing barriers to cross-border shipment of goods in order to enable expansion of the Geo-Blocking Regulation 62
5.2.4. Fundamentally re-thinking the European audiovisual sector in order to strengthen global competitiveness and cross-border consumption 63
5.2.5. Further measures to address over-pricing of cross-border parcel delivery by National Postal Operators (NPOs) 65
5.3. Promoting the digitisation of European business, government and society 66
5.3.1. Measures to promote and deal with a range of emerging technologies 67
5.3.2. Competition, taxation, content and social protection issues regarding digital services 69
5.3.3. Reinvigoration of emphasis on cross-border e-government service 71
5.3.4. Cybersecurity and trust 72
5.4. Putting the candidate initiatives into perspective 73
REFERENCES 77
ANNEX 85
Table 1. Estimated annual benefits of selected legal instruments adopted or proposed during the 8th Legislature (2014-2019) (billions of 2018 euro) when fully implemented 11
Table 2. A comparative perspective on possible initiatives to realise more of the potential of the Digital Single Market 16
Table 3. Overview of research on ex ante impacts on growth 33
Table 4. Overview of research on ex post impacts on growth 35
Table 5. Digital Single Market (DSM): Legal instruments adopted or proposed during the 8th Legislature (2014-2019) 41
Table 6. Estimated annual benefits of selected legal instruments adopted or proposed during the 8th Legislature (2014-2019) (billions of 2018 euro) when fully implemented 53
Table 7. European cinema admissions, by origin of film (2007-2012) 65
Table 8. A comparative perspective on possible initiatives to realise more of the potential of the Digital Single Market 76
Table 9. Explaining GDP per capita by means of DESI indicators 86
Figure 1. Annual benefits achievable based on measures already finished or in progress (in billions of current euro once the measures have taken full effect) 10
Figure 2. How the benefits of the Digital Single Market Strategy relate to underlying drivers 12
Figure 3. How the benefits of the Digital Single Market Strategy relate to underlying drivers 19
Figure 4. Methodology followed for this study 21
Figure 5. Overall e-commerce revenues in Europe 25
Figure 6. Difficulties experienced when selling to other EU countries (percent of enterprises with web sales to other EU countries, EU-28, 2016) 26
Figure 7. Reasons for not purchasing a product online from abroad (2014-15) 27
Figure 8. Approximate consumer surplus gains per year realised by DSM Strategy measures already agreed or in place versus further potentially realisable gains 38
Figure 9. Annual benefits achievable based on measures already finished or in progress (in billions of current euro once the measures have taken full effect) 54
Figure 10. Examples of sources of financing for independent films 64
Figure 11. Share of bank to non-bank financing of non-financial companies in the euro area and the US (cumulated transactions) 68
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