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Title page
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 8
ABSTRACT 8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9
SECTION 1. Introduction 12
SECTION 2. Battery Power System (BPS) Technical Parameters and Installation 14
GIGACELL Battery Technology 14
BPS Parameters 16
BPS System Installation 16
SECTION 3. Test Results 22
BPS Test Scenarios 22
Energy Savings 22
Peak Power Shaving 22
System Voltage Improvement 23
Using BPS for Emergency Power 25
Summary of Train Test Results 26
SECTION 4. Return-on-Investment (ROI) Calculations 29
Potential Energy Cost Savings 29
Return-on-Investment 31
Other Benefits 34
APPENDIX A. Summary of Recorded Data 36
CONTACTS 37
REFERENCES 38
Table 3-1. List of Scenarios and Test Durations(1) 22
Table 3-2. List of Scenarios and Test Durations(2) 22
Table 3-3. Summary of Test Results - BPS as an Emergency Power Source 25
Table 3-4. Adjustment of Energy Consumption for Train Movements from Empty Train Load (AW0) to Crush Train Load (AW2) 26
Table 3-5. Summary of Train Test Results - Voltage Stabilization by BPS 27
Table 3-6. Summary of Train Test Results - Reception of Regenerated Energy and Maximum Charging Current 27
Table 4-1. Potential Energy Cost Savings - Scenario A 29
Table 4-2. Potential Peak Power Cost Savings - Scenario A 30
Table 4-3. Potential Energy Cost Savings - Scenario C 31
Table 4-4. Potential Peak Power Cost Savings - Scenario C 31
Table 4-5. ROI at 10 Years - Scenario A 32
Table 4-6. Return on Investment at 10 Years - Scenario C 33
Table 4-7. Return on Investment at 20 Years - Scenario A 33
Table 4-8. Return on Investment at 20 Years - Scenario C 34
Figure 1-1. Map of Washington Metrorail Network 12
Figure 2-1. GIGACELL Specifications (Type 30-K5) 15
Figure 2-2. GIGACELL Charge and Discharge Curves (Type 30-K5) 15
Figure 2-3. System Map for West End of Orange Line 17
Figure 2-4. Simplified Single Line Diagram 17
Figure 2-5. System Installation on Concrete Pad in West Falls Church Substation 18
Figure 2-6. Two BPS Units 18
Figure 2-7. Battery Modules and Air Circulation Fixtures inside a Unit 19
Figure 2-8. BMU inside West Falls Church Substation 20
Figure 2-9. Data Acquisition and Communications Cubicle 20
Figure 3-1. Effects on Peak Power 23
Figure 3-2. Effects on Peak Power Shaving 23
Figure 3-3. Effects on Maximum Voltage Reduction at West Falls Church Substation 24
Figure 3-4. Effects on Minimum Voltage Increase at West Falls Church Substation 24
Figure 3-5. Effects on Voltage Stabilization at West Falls Church Substation 25
Figure 4-1. Average Prices for Electricity for Washington-Baltimore Area 30
Table A-1. Summary of Recorded Data 36
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