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Title Page
Contents
Highlights 2
Letter 6
Background 10
Urban and Rural Transit 10
Transit ITS 12
Transit Funding for ITS 14
Federal ITS Program 16
Selected Urban Transit Providers Reported Using Most Types of ITS, and Some Reported Using More Advanced Technologies 17
DOT's 2013 Survey Found Broad Deployment of ITS in Major Metropolitan Areas 17
Selected Urban Transit Providers Reported Deploying the Majority of ITS Technologies, Mainly on Bus Services 19
Large and Medium Urban Transit Providers Are Sharing ITS Data 22
Large and Medium Urban Transit Providers Reported Using Advanced Technologies 24
Small Urban and Rural Providers Are Primarily Using Four ITS Technologies, and Use of Other ITS Is Limited 28
Roughly Three-Quarters of Small Urban and Rural Transit Providers Are Using Security Systems 28
About Half of Small Urban and Rural Providers Are Using Computer-Aided Dispatch, Automatic Vehicle Location, and GIS 29
Most Small Urban and Rural Transit Providers Are Not Using Other ITS Technologies, Primarily because of Technology Costs or Perceived Lack of Need 30
Transit Providers Reported Five Key Benefits from ITS, but Benefits Are Difficult to Measure and Deployment Challenges Exist 33
Transit Providers Reported Five Primary Benefits from ITS Deployment 33
Certain Benefits of Transit ITS Are Difficult to Quantify 38
Transit Providers Face an Assortment of Challenges in Deploying and Using ITS 40
DOT Supports ITS Deployment Through a Variety of Training and Technical Assistance Resources, but Providers' Use of These Resources Is Limited 48
DOT Offers a Number of Resources to Promote and Support ITS Technologies 48
Transit Providers Are Generally Relying on Non-Federal Resources to Inform Their ITS Deployment 50
Better Outreach and Information Collection Could Improve DOT's Promotion of ITS 53
Conclusions 56
Recommendations for Executive Action 57
Agency Comments 57
Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 59
Appendix II: Comments from the Department of Transportation 64
Appendix III: Public Transit Stakeholders GAO Interviewed 65
Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 67
Table 1. 2013 Results of DOT's ITS Deployment Survey for Bus Transit Providers 19
Table 2. ITS Deployment by Selected Large and Medium Urban Transit Providers 20
Table 3. Top Five Types of Traveler Information Used by Small Urban Transit Providers 31
Table 4. Top Five ITS Benefits Reported by Small Urban and Rural Transit Providers 37
Table 5. Funding Challenges for Small Urban and Rural Transit Providers 43
Table 6. Leadership and Workforce Challenges for Small Urban and Rural Providers 45
Table 7. Vendor Challenges for Small Urban and Rural Providers 47
Figure 1. Use of Selected Transit ITS Technologies 13
Figure 2. Different Uses of Smartphone Applications 26
Figure 3. Types of Security Systems Used by Small Urban and Rural Transit Providers 29
Figure 4. Small Urban and Rural Transit Provider Use of Five ITS Technologies 31
Figure 5. ITS Technologies That Small Urban and Rural Transit Providers Plan to Deploy within 5 Years 33
Figure 6. Combinations of ITS Technologies and Their Potential Benefits 38
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