Title page

Contents

Abstract 3

Acknowledgments 4

1. Introduction 7

2. Air pollution, labour supply and care 7

3. Data and methods 9

4. Results 12

5. Conclusions 19

References 21

Appendix A. Air pollution trends for non-PM10 pollutant, Santiago, Chile, 1997-2017 23

Appendix B. Correlation between daily pollutant measurements, Santiago, Chile, 1997-2017 24

Appendix C. Regression results for PM2.5 25

Appendix D. Regression results for SO₂ 26

Appendix E/Appendix D. Regression results for NO₂ 27

Appendix F/Appendix E. Regression results for O₃ 28

Appendix G/Appendix F. Regression results for CO 29

Appendix H/Appendix G. Regression results for non-continuous PM10 measure 30

Appendix I/Appendix H. Regression results adding controls for income and educational attainment 31

Table 1. Matching strata in the employment survey with air pollution monitoring stations 10

Table 2. The relationship between hours worked, air pollution, gender and care in Santiago, Chile(Models 1-2) 16

Table 3. The relationship between hours worked, air pollution, gender and care in Santiago, Chile(Models 3-5) 18

Figure 1. PM10 concentration in Santiago, Chile, 1997-2016 12

Figure 2. Geographical distribution of PM10 in Santiago, Chile, 2015 12

Figure 3. Employment in Santiago, Chile, 1997-2016 13

Figure 4. Hours worked per week in Santiago, Chile, 1997-2016 13

Figure 5. Employment by area in Santiago, Chile, 2015 13

Figure 6. Hours worked per week by area in Santiago, Chile, 2015 13

Figure 7. Average number of dependent children and elderly per household in Santiago, Chile, 1997-2016 14

Figure 8. Median household income in Santiago, Chile, 1997-2016 14