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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
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Title page

Contents

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Background 7

2.1. Son-preference 7

2.2. China's fertility decline 8

3. Data and Sample 9

3.1. China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 9

3.2. County level data 13

4. Empirical Strategy 14

5. Results 16

5.1. OLS results 16

5.2. IV results 18

5.3. Robustness Tests 19

6. Mechanism 21

6.1. Son-preference 21

6.2. Mixed-sex vs. single-sex families 22

7. Conclusion 24

References 25

APPENDIX A. Main sample selection 43

APPENDIX B. Cognitive ability measures in the CFPS 44

APPENDIX C. Birth Control Rate (BCR) data 49

APPENDIX D 55

APPENDIX E 56

Tables

Table 1. Summary statistics 37

Table 2. OLS results 38

Table 3. First stage results 39

Table 4. IV results 40

Table 5. Robustness check for numeracy test 41

Table 6. Gender gap in the mixed- and signle-sex families, test scores - Rural 42

Table 7. Gender gap in the mixed- and single-sex families, housework 42

Figures

Figure 1. Gender differences in years of schooling and literacy/numeracy test scores 31

Figure 2. China's Total Fertility: 1950-1990 32

Figure 3. Number of siblings by gender and hukou status 33

Figure 4. Gender differences in the standardised cognitive test scores by hukou status 34

Figure 5. Son-preference and sibling effects on gender gap in z-scores, CFPS 35

Figure 6. Son-preference and sibling effects on gender gap in z-scores, SWSC 35

Figure 7. Share of the sample growing up in single-sex vs. mixed-sex families, by gender 36

Appendix Tables

Table A1. Main working sample construction 43

Table B1. Test score availability by testing years (main sample) 45

Table C1. Estimation results used for imputation 53

Table C2. IV results using alternative instruments 54

Table E1. The probability of being in a mixed-sex family 56

Table E2. Gender gap in the mixed- and single-sex families, test scores - Urban 57

Appendix Figures

Figure B1. Literacy test raw scores of the main sample 45

Figure B2. Numeracy test raw scores of the main sample 46

Figure B3. Raw test score distribution by test year and education group 47

Figure B4. Main outcome variable distributions - Test z-scores 48

Figure C1. Birth Control Rate in a county's gazetteer 51

Figure C2. Birth Control Rate collected from local gazetteers 52

Figure C3. Actual values vs Imputed values of Birth Control Rate for non-missing values 52

Figure C4. Birth Control Rate (BCR) by year: Actual values for non-missing cases & imputed values for missing cases 53

Figure D1. Comparison of timing difference of initial FPP introduction between across counties and across provinces 55

Figure E1. Comparison of timing difference of initial FPP introduction between across counties and across provinces 57

Figure E2. Number of brothers/sisters across birth cohorts 58

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