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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

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Title page

Contents

Acknowledgements 4

Abstract 5

Introduction 7

Research hypotheses 8

English in the classroom in "default mode": why the emphasis on reading 8

Hypothesis: Classroom teaching favours reading to listening 9

A robustness test: Learning outside the classroom does not favour reading (compared to listening) in the same way as classroom learning 9

Hypothesis: Skill teaching emphasis is associated with skill learning 10

English in the classroom after the "communicative revolution" 10

Hypothesis: Student engagement and use of English in the classroom are positively associated with skill learning 11

Hypothesis: Different teaching materials are associated with learning different skills 12

Methodological challenges 12

General methodology 12

Problems in building a measure of reading skills conditional on listening skills 12

Data 13

Dependent variable 14

Estimating plausible values of student skill levels 14

Anchoring the difference between reading and listening skills to the CEFR 15

Explanatory and control variables 16

Results 19

Conclusions and implications 24

References 27

Tables

Table 1. Ready-to-use indices used for testing hypothesis H1 and H4b 16

Table 2. Items included in the custom-made indices generated to test the research hypotheses 17

Table 3. Adjusted Cronbach alpha and variance explained by the first three extracted components for each custom-made index 18

Table 4. Items used for the index "number of trips abroad" 18

Table 5. Indices used as control variables 19

Table 6. Difference between reading and listening skills, by education system 20

Table 7. Regression results 22

Table 8. Regression coefficients for Duration of English learning and English lesson time a week, by education system (standard error in brackets) 24

Figures

Figure 1. Difference between reading and listening skills among the students in the sample 19