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소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
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Title page

Contents

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Related literature and some preliminary evidence 9

2.1. Experiments varying payoff parameters 9

2.2. Mengel's meta-analysis 11

2.3. A preliminary experiment 12

3. Methods 14

3.1. Experimental design and procedures for within-subjects Study 1 14

3.2. Experimental design and procedures for between-subjects Study 2 16

4. Results 17

4.1. Results from the within-subject experiment (Study 1) 17

4.2. Discussion of Study 1 23

4.3. Results from the between-subjects experiment (Study 2) 24

4.4. Discussion of Study 2 25

5. Related payoff indices: normalized loss, normalized gain, and K-index 25

5.1. Normalized loss and normalized gain 25

5.2. A summary index of PD parameters: The K-index 30

5.3. Discussion 32

6. Towards an explanation of our results 34

7. Concluding remarks 35

Acknowledgements 37

References 37

Appendix A. Instructions 43

Appendix B. The preliminary experiment: details of design and results 51

Appendix C. Descriptive statistics of subject pools 59

Appendix D. Non-parametric test results of Studies 1 and 2 60

Appendix E. Belief accuracy in Studies 1 and 2 62

Appendix F. Full regression results of Studies 1 and 2 64

Appendix G. Individual beliefs and cooperative choice in Study 1 67

Appendix H. The mediating role of beliefs for cooperation in Studies 1 and 2 68

Appendix I. Monotonicity violations in Study 1 69

Appendix J. Normalized loss, normalized gain, and the K-index in Studies 1 and 2 71

References 81

Tables

Table 1. The Prisoner's Dilemma game 4

Table 2. Average cooperation rate regressed on payoff indices using Mengel's (2018) 11

Table 3. Determinants of cooperative choice in the preliminary experiment (15 PD games) 13

Table 4. Payoff parameters for Studies 1 and 2 14

Table 5. Payoff indices, beliefs, and cooperation in Studies 1 and 2 21

Table 6. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, beliefs, and cooperation in low-EFF games 28

Table 7. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, beliefs, and cooperation in high-EFF games 29

Table 8. K-index, beliefs, and cooperation 33

Figures

Fig. 1. Average cooperation rates in the eight Prisoner's Dilemma games of Study 1's UoN sample (Panels a-c), Study 1's AMT sample (Panels d-f) and Study 2... 18

Fig. 2. Average cooperative beliefs in the eight Prisoner's Dilemma games of Study 1's UoN sample (Panels a-c), Study 1's AMT sample (Panels d-f) and Study 2... 19

Fig. 3. Average cooperation rates for each level of a game's K-index, by study and subject pool 31

Appendix Tables

Table B1. Payoff parameters for the preliminary experiment 52

Table B2. McNemar's tests for differences in cooperation across games in the preliminary experiment 54

Table B3. Payoff indices and cooperation in the preliminary experiment 55

Table B4. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, K-index and cooperation in the preliminary experiment 58

Table C1. Descriptive statistics of subject pools 59

Table D1. McNemar's tests for differences in cooperation across games in Study 1 60

Table D2. Fisher's exact tests for differences in cooperation across games in Study 2 61

Table D3. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for differences in cooperative beliefs across games in Study 1 61

Table D4. Mann-Whitney tests for differences in cooperative beliefs across games in Study 2 62

Table E1. Belief accuracy across games and samples in Study 1 63

Table E2. Belief accuracy across games in Study 2 63

Table F1. Payoff indices, beliefs, and cooperation in Study 1 64

Table F2. Payoff indices, beliefs, and cooperation in Study 2 65

Table F3. Regression of cooperation on payoff indices, with payoff scale interaction effects in Study 1 66

Table J1. Normalized loss, normalized gain, and K-index 71

Table J2. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, beliefs, and cooperation in the low-EFF games of Study 1 74

Table J3. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, beliefs, and cooperation in the low-EFF games of Study 2 75

Table J4. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, beliefs, and cooperation in the high-EFF games of Study 1 76

Table J5. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, beliefs, and cooperation in the high-EFF games of Study 2 77

Table J6. Expected normalized payoff loss from cooperation 78

Table J7. K-index, beliefs, and cooperation in Study 1 79

Table J8. K-index, beliefs, and cooperation in Study 2 80

Appendix Figures

Fig. B1. Average cooperation rates and payoff indices of the 15 Prisoner's Dilemma games of the preliminary experiment. The line patterns indicate the Bonferroni-adjusted... 53

Fig. B2. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, and average cooperation rates in the preliminary experiment. The game number is shown in the respective marker.... 56

Fig. B3. Average cooperation rates for each level of a game's K-index in the preliminary experiment 57

Fig. G1. The distribution of individuals' average beliefs by the number of their own cooperative choices (0 = defect in all 8 games; 8 = cooperate in all 8 games)... 67

Fig. H1. Unstandardized path coefficient estimates taken from Table F1-F2 68

Fig. I1. The number of violations of the monotonicity assumption by payoff index in Study 1 70

Fig. I2. The number of violations of the monotonicity assumption across all three payoff indices in Study 1 71

Fig. J1. The variation in RISK, TEMPT and EFF (Panel a) and normalized loss l and gain g (Panel b) across the eight games 72

Fig. J2. Normalized loss l, normalized gain g, and average cooperation rates by study and subject pool. The game number is shown in the respective marker 73

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