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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함

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Title page

Contents

Abstract 3

1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. CONTEXT AND DATA 10

2.1. Institutional context 10

2.2. Data 11

3. EMPIRICAL STRATEGY 19

4. RESULTS 26

4.1. Parental time allocation 27

4.2. Children's socio-emotional skills 29

4.3. Robustness 35

4.4. Mechanisms 38

5. CONCLUSION 43

References 44

Appendix 52

A. ADDITIONAL FIGURES 52

B. ADDITIONAL TABLES 56

References 69

TABLE 1. Summary statistics 16

TABLE 2. Within-family variation of characteristics by treatment status 24

TABLE 3. Parental wages and parental time allocations 27

TABLE 4. Parental wages and children's socio-emotional skills 30

TABLE 5. Parental wages and other child outcomes 34

TABLE 6. Parental wages and parental investments 38

TABLE 7. Heterogeneity: Effect of 100% ↓ in the PWG on children's socio-emotional skills by subgroup 42

FIGURE 1. Change in potential hourly wages of men and women by education and commuting zone, 2004-2018 20

FIGURE 2. Within-family correlation of potential and observed wages 26

FIGURE 3. Implied effects on earnings in comparison to other interventions 32

FIGURE 4. Long-term effects of the PWG at age 1 on children's socio-emotional skills 33

TABLE S.1. Definition of socio-emotional skills 56

TABLE S.2. Socio-emotional skill scales in the GSOEP by age group 57

TABLE S.3. Comparison GSOEP and GTUS:Work and childcare in 2001/02 and 2012/13 58

TABLE S.4. Parental wages and family formation 58

TABLE S.5. Comparison SIAB and MZ: Employment structure by year 59

TABLE S.6. Comparison SIAB and MZ: Socio-demographics by year 60

TABLE S.7. Industry employment shares by gender and education, 1995 61

TABLE S.8. Occupation employment shares by gender and education, 1995 62

TABLE S.9. Top 10 Rotemberg weights for mothers and fathers 63

TABLE S.10. Robustness: 100% decrease in the PWG and socio-emotional skills 64

TABLE S.11. Robustness: 100% decrease in the PWG and parental investments 65

TABLE S.12. Tests for appropriate level of clustering 66

TABLE S.13. Decomposition of Personality Factor and Total Difficulty Score 67

TABLE S.14. Heterogeneity in parental investments by child age 67

TABLE S.15. Heterogeneity in parental investments by region of residence 68

FIGURE S.1. Gender gaps and gender role attitudes in Germany by region, 1973-2019 52

FIGURE S.2. Time-use of mothers and fathers in Germany, 2001/02 and 2012/13 53

FIGURE S.3. Impact of a 1 SD increase in maternal/paternal wages on parental working hours by vingtile 54

FIGURE S.4. Ex-post power calculations 55

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