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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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정보검색

소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함

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Title page

Contents

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Institutional Background 8

3. Data 10

3.1. Data Sources 10

3.2. Dataset Construction 11

4. Model 12

4.1. Model Setup 12

4.2. Identification 14

5. Empirical Findings 15

5.1. Instrument Validity 15

5.2. Effects of Online versus In-Person Doctor Consultations 18

5.3. Doctor Productivity and the Sorting of Doctors to Online Consultations 22

5.4. Cost Analysis 23

5.5. Generalizability of Our Findings 24

5.6. Patient Heterogeneity 25

6. Conclusion 27

References 29

Online Appendix 42

A. Appendix Tables 42

B. Appendix Figures 59

C. Data Appendix 61

Appendix References 71

Tables

Table 1. Summary Statistics for Key Variables in the Doctor Sample 33

Table 2. Online's Effect on Timing and Duration of Doctor Consultations 34

Table 3. Online's Effect on Within-Consultation Outcomes 35

Table 4. Online's Effect on Patient Outcomes Within 30 Days After the Doctor Consultation 36

Table 5. Doctor Consultations per Hour in Online and In-Person Doctor Shifts 37

Table 6. Costs of Online and In-Person Consultations for Providers and Patients 38

Table 7. Patient Views on Whether Online Consultation Was a Replacement to In Person 39

Figures

Figure 1. Assignment of Registered Patients to Online versus In-Person Consultations 40

Figure 2. Patient Outcomes During the Weeks Before and After the Nurse Meeting 41

Appendix Tables

Table A1. Sample Restrictions 42

Table A2. Variable Descriptions 43

Table A3. First Stage 46

Table A4. Instrument Independence 47

Table A5. Average Exclusion 47

Table A6. Average Monotonicity 48

Table A7. Nurse Mistake Share Uncorrelated With Instrument 49

Table A8. Probability of Patient Answering the Satisfaction Survey 49

Table A9. Online's Effect on Patient Outcomes Within 30 Days After the Nurse Meeting 50

Table A10. Online's Effect on Primary Care Use Within 30 Days of the Doctor Consultation 51

Table A11. Online's Effect on Medium-Term Outcomes 52

Table A12. Sources for Provider Cost 53

Table A13. Patient Representativeness of the Swedish Population 53

Table A14. Comparison of Doctor Sample Patients to Those in a Wider Sample of PCP Consultations 54

Table A15. IV Complier Characteristics 55

Table A16. Comparison of Patients Directed to Online Consultations (in Doctor Sample) to Sample of Registered Patients Who Consulted Online Doctors... 56

Table A17. Test of Strict Monotonicity and Strict Exclusion for Different Outcomes 57

Table A18. Outcomes for More Vulnerable Patients (With at Least One ED or Hospital Visit from Three Years to 30 Days Prior to Nurse Visit) 57

Table A19. Outcomes for Less Vulnerable Patients (With no ED and no Hospital Visit from Three Years to 30 Days Prior to Nurse Visit) 58

Table A20. Breakdown of Costs for Providers and Patients by Patient Vulnerability 58

Appendix Figures

Figure A1. Patient Sorting in the Model 59

Figure A2. Distribution of the Instrument 60

Figure A3. Marginal Treatment Effects (MTEs) 60

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