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Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Literature Review IA 7

3. Data and Descriptive Statistics 11

3.1. Country Surveys 12

3.2. Skills and Tasks Across Countries 12

3.3. Employment and Wage Growth 13

4. Methodology 14

4.1. Measuring Artificial Intelligence Exposure 14

4.2. Occupational Aggregation 16

4.3. Linking Risk to Employment and Wages 16

5. Marginal Effects on AI Exposure 16

5.1. Felten 16

5.2. Webb AI 18

5.3. Top Occupations by AI exposure and total employment affected 21

6. Delta Employment and Wage Analysis 26

6.1. Average Effects of AI Exposure 26

6.2. Inequality Analysis Across Quintiles 27

7. Discussion on exposure to AI across genders, educational level and age 28

8. Concluding Remarks 30

References 32

Tables 12

Table 1. Surveys Used 12

Table 2. Average of Skills and Tasks by Country 12

Table 3. Average Employment and Growth 13

Table 4. Levels of Employment and Wages with Percentual Change 13

Table 5. Marginal Effects of Skills and Tasks on Exposure to Artificial Intelligence - Felten (1) 22

Table 6. Marginal Effects of Skills and Tasks on Exposure to Artificial Intelligence - Felten (2) 23

Table 7. Marginal Effects of Skills and Tasks on Exposure to Artificial Intelligence - Webb (1) 24

Table 8. Marginal Effects of Skills and Tasks on Exposure to Artificial Intelligence - Webb (2) 25

Table 9. The Effects of AI Exposure on Employment and Wage Growth 26

Table 10. The Effects of Automation Risk Exposure on Employment and Wage Growth - Inequality by Quintiles 28

Figures 37

Figure 1. Bolivia 37

Figure 2. Chile 38

Figure 3. Ecuador 39

Figure 4. Peru 40

Figure 5. Mexico 41

초록보기

This study examines the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment, wages, and inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

The paper identifies tasks and occupations most exposed to AI using comprehensive individual-level data alongside AI exposure indices.

Unlike traditional automation, AI exposure correlates positively with higher education levels, ICT, and STEM skills.

Notably, younger workers and women with high-level ICT and managerial skills face increased AI exposure, underscoring unique opportunities.

A comparison of LAC with the OECD countries reveals greater impacts of AI in the former, with physical and customer-facing tasks showing divergent correlations to AI exposure.

The findings indicate that while AI contributes to employment growth at the top and bottom of wage quintiles, its wage impact strongly depends on the movement of workers from the middle class to below the wage mean of the high-level quintile of wages, hence decreasing the average income of the top quintile.

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