본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기
국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

목차보기

Title page 1

Contents 9

Executive summary 11

1. Introduction 16

1.1. Status of India's looming waste crisis 16

1.2. Implications of improper solid waste management for air pollution and climate change 17

1.3. Role of policy and national-level programmes in reducing the gap 19

1.4. The need for customised waste management practices 20

2. Research methodology 22

2.1. Identification of challenges 22

2.2. Reviewing and analysing the data on municipal solid waste 23

2.3. Selection of cities 24

2.4. Stakeholder mapping 25

2.5. Questionnaire development 25

2.6. Data collection through interviews and field visits 25

2.7. Compilation and thematic analysis: The CRS matrix 25

2.8. Limitations of the study 25

3. Results and discussion 27

3.1. Waste generation 27

3.2. Waste collection 31

3.3. Waste transportation 36

3.4. Waste treatment 39

3.5. Waste disposal 44

3.6. Interlinked challenges across the supply chain 48

4. Conclusions and recommendations 51

Acronyms 54

References 55

Figures 16

Figure 1. Approximately 38,000 TPD (~22%) of municipal solid waste remains unaccounted for 16

Figure 2. By 2050, the solid waste sector will be the second-largest contributor to PM2.5 emissions 18

Figure 3. In India, the waste sector will be the second-largest contributor to methane emissions by 2050 18

Figure 4. Evolution of policies and programmes on solid waste management in India 19

Figure 5. Swachh Bharat Mission helped increase waste treatment but showed no significant reduction in the gap of unaccounted waste over the past three years 20

Figure 6. Key methodological steps taken for this study 22

Figure 7. 45 ULBs in India contribute to about 45% of the country's total waste generation 24

Figure 8. 84% of waste is segregated at source in the million-plus cities 29

Figure 9. Challenges, root causes, and solutions in waste generation 31

Figure 10. 90% of waste is collected door-to-door in the million-plus cities 32

Figure 11. Challenges, root causes, and solutions in waste collection 36

Figure 12. Challenges, root causes, and solutions in waste transportation 39

Figure 13. On average, about 69% of waste is treated in the million-plus cities 40

Figure 14. Challenges, root causes, and solutions in waste treatment 44

Figure 15. Challenges, root causes, and solutions in waste disposal 48

Figure 16. Waste flow diagram and system map for municipal solid waste, highlighting the identified challenges at each level of the supply chain 49

Boxes 28

BOX 1. Waste reduction plan and source segregation through the SWaCH cooperative - A case study of Pune 28

BOX 2. A zero-waste model - A case study of Navi Mumbai 30

BOX 3. Using the ICCC for efficient waste collection - A case study of Indore 33

BOX 4. Employee motivation is the key to building capacity in solid waste management A case study of Visakhapatnam 35

BOX 5. Proper transfer station infrastructure for effective operations - A case study of Surat 37

BOX 6. Operation and maintenance of vehicles at the transfer station - A case study of Bhopal 38

BOX 7. Decentralised compost plants located near a vegetable market and transfer station - A case study of Rajkot 41

BOX 8. BioCNG plant located near a vegetable market - A case study of Surat 42

BOX 9. Plastic waste recycling plant at Kapulupadda dumping yard - A case study of Visakhapatnam 43

BOX 10. Bioremediation of legacy waste - A case study of the Pirana dump site in Ahmedabad 46

BOX 11. Setting up of treatment facility on remediated land - A case study of Indore 47

BOX 12. Waste segregation linked with different levels of the supply chain 50