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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 6

Background 9

NNSA's Organization 9

M&O Contracts and the Federal-Contractor Relationship 11

U.S. Strategic Nuclear Modernization 15

NNSA's Enhanced Mission Delivery Initiative 17

Our High Risk List 18

Leading Practices for Agency Reform 18

NNSA Recommended Changes to Its Operating Environment Based on Findings from Its EMDI Report 20

NNSA Considers Most EMDI Reforms Implemented but Has Not Formalized How It Will Evaluate Reforms' Effectiveness or Plan for Future Improvement Efforts 26

Implementation of EMDI-Related Reforms Has Been Executed by Decentralized Teams from Across NNSA 26

NNSA Considers Most EMDI Reforms Implemented, and Some Reforms Changed During Implementation from Their Original Conception 28

NNSA Does Not Have a Formal Continuous Improvement Governance Structure in Place to Evaluate the Effectiveness of EMDI Reforms or to Implement... 37

NNSA's Implementation of EMDI Reforms Related to GAO High-Risk Areas Partially Aligned with Selected Leading Practices for Agency Reform 39

Conclusions 51

Recommendations for Executive Action 53

Agency Comments 54

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 55

Appendix II: List of Enhanced Mission Delivery Initiative (EMDI) Recommendations 64

Appendix III: Comments from the National Nuclear Security Administration/Department of Energy 68

Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 71

Related GAO Products 72

Tables 3

Table 1. Crosswalk Between Enhanced Mission Delivery Initiative (EMDI) Reforms and Related EMDI Report Recommendations 27

Table 2. National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Assessment of Implementation Status of Enhanced Mission Delivery Initiative (EMDI) Reforms,... 29

Table 3. Results of High-Risk Reform Selection 58

Table 4. Selected Leading Practices and Key Questions 59

Table 5. Rating System for Assessing the Extent to Which NNSA's Implementation of Enhanced Mission Delivery Initiative Reforms Aligned With Leading Practices... 61

Table 6. Our Process for Determining Final Ratings for the Extent to Which the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Met Leading Practices... 62

Figures 4

Figure 1. NNSA Headquarters Offices and Nuclear Security Enterprise Field Offices 10

Figure 2. Leading Practices and Examples of Key Questions for Assessing Agency Reform Efforts 20

Figure 3. National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) Implementation Structure for Initial Implementation of Enhanced Mission Delivery Initiative... 28

Figure 4. Emergency Operations Center Built Under a Pilot Related to the Waive DOE Project Order for Low-Risk Commercial-Like Construction Reform 35

Figure 5. Alignment of Selected Enhanced Mission Delivery Initiative (EMDI) Reforms with Leading Practices for Agency Reform 41