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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 7

Background 10

Acquisition Management Policy and Oversight 11

Test and Evaluation Policy 16

Prior GAO Work on DHS Acquisitions 18

Most Programs Are Meeting Revised Goals, but Do Not Consistently Document Baseline Changes 20

Most Programs Are Meeting Goals After Revising Initial Baselines to Account for Cost Growth and Schedule Delays 21

Some Programs Did Not Consistently Provide Key Context for Changes to Acquisition Program Baselines 24

Selected DHS Programs Reported the Potential for Further Schedule Delays and Cost Increases 26

Programs Achieved Milestones but Face Schedule Risks Moving Forward 27

Coast Guard Accounts for Over Half of All DHS Estimated Acquisition Costs and Drives Cost Risk for the Portfolio 30

Eleven Programs Met at Least One Performance Goal with Eight Meeting All Goals 32

DHS Has Opportunities to Further Improve Its Acquisition Management 33

Conclusion 37

Recommendation for Executive Action 38

Agency Comments 38

Appendix I: Program Assessments 40

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency 43

Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation 44

Cyber Analytic and Data System 46

Next Generation Network Priority Services Phase 1 47

Next Generation Network Priority Services Phase 2 49

Federal Emergency Management Agency 51

Enterprise Data and Analytics Modernization Initiative 52

Grants Management Modernization 54

Integrated Public Alert & Warning System 55

Management Directorate 57

Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology 58

Transportation Security Administration 60

Checkpoint Property Screening System 61

Credential Authentication Technology 63

U.S. Coast Guard 65

Medium Range Recovery Helicopter 66

Medium Range Surveillance Aircraft 68

Offshore Patrol Cutter 70

Polar Security Cutter 72

Waterways Commerce Cutter 74

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 76

Automated Commercial Environment 77

Biometric Entry-Exit 79

Common Operating Picture 81

Cross Border Tunnel Threat 82

Integrated Surveillance Towers 84

Light Enforcement Platform 86

Medium Lift Helicopter 88

Multi-Role Enforcement Aircraft 90

Non-Intrusive Inspection Integration 92

Appendix II: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 94

Appendix III: Comments from Department of Homeland Security 99

Appendix IV: Related Open DHS Recommendations 102

Appendix V: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 106

Appendix VI: Additional Source Information for Images and Figures 107

Related GAO Products 111

Tables 4

Table 1. DHS Major Acquisition Programs Selected by GAO for Review (Acquisition Level as of Jan. 2024) 8

Table 2. DHS's 17 Baselined Programs and Their Acquisition Program Baseline (APB) Information 21

Table 3. Analysis of Selected DHS Program Acquisition Program Baseline (APB) Revision Summaries 25

Table 4. Achieved Milestones in Fiscal Year 2024 and Anticipated Milestones in Fiscal Year 2025 for Selected DHS Programs 27

Table 5. Status of DHS Programs That Have Met At Least One Key Performance Parameter (KPP) as of September 2024 32

Table 6. GAO Rationale for Selecting DHS Major Acquisition Programs for Review 95

Table 7. Related Open DHS Recommendations as of December 31, 2024 102

Figures 5

Figure 1. DHS Acquisition Decision Events in the Obtain Phase for Major Acquisition Programs 12

Figure 2. Department of Homeland Security's Acquisition Management Structure 16

Figure 3. DHS Acquisition Management Policy Themes and Significant Events, 2014-2023 20

Figure 4. Acquisition Cost Goals by Component for DHS's 17 Baselined Programs from Initial to Current Baselines (in Fiscal Year 2023 Dollars) 23

Figure 5. Estimated Acquisition Costs for Selected DHS Major Acquisition Programs as of September 30, 2024 31

Figure 6. Implementation Status of GAO's Acquisition Management Recommendations to DHS, 2014 to 2024 34

Figure 7. Leading Companies Use Four Key Principles for Successful Product Development 37