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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Pregnancy Accommodation Laws 7

2.1. Background on Pregnancy Accommodation Laws 7

2.2. Theoretical Impact of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws on Female Employment 9

3. Data 10

3.1. Employment and Earnings Outcomes 10

3.2. Occupation Characteristics 11

4. Model 12

5. Results 13

5.1. Heterogeneity 15

6. Conclusion 18

7. Declarations 19

References 20

Appendix A. Additional Results 37

Tables 23

Table 1. State-Level Pregnancy Accommodation Laws 23

Table 2. Summary Statistics (ACS) 24

Table 3. Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws on Labor Market Outcomes (ACS) 25

Table 4. Robustness to Alternative Estimators and Control Groups 26

Table 5. Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws on Labor Market Outcomes (QWI) 27

Table 6. Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws on Occupation's Importance of Physical Abilities 28

Table 7. Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws by Education Level (ACS) 29

Table 8. Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws by Importance of Physical Abilities 30

Table 9. Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws by Family Structure 31

Figures 32

Figure 1. State Pregnancy Accommodation Law Timing 32

Figure 2. Baseline DDD Estimates 33

Figure 3. Occupation Intensity Results 34

Figure 4. Heterogeneity by Education: DDD Estimates for Low Education 35

Figure 5. Heterogeneity by Above Mean Occupation: DDD Estimates 36

Appendix Tables 47

Table A1. Importance Index: Example Occupations 47

Table A2. Robustness of Alternative Estimators in QWI Data 48

Table A3. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for Low Education 49

Table A4. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for High Education 50

Table A5. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for Below Mean Physical Intensity Index 51

Table A6. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for Above Mean Physical Intensity Index 52

Table A7. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for 1 Standard Deviation Above Mean Physical Intensity Index 53

Table A8. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for Married With Kids 54

Table A9. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for Married Without Kids 55

Table A10. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for Single With Kids 56

Table A11. Robustness: Effect of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws for Single Without Kids 57

Appendix Figures 37

Figure A1. Baseline Male Difference-in-Difference Outcomes 37

Figure A2. Baseline Female Difference-in-Difference Outcomes 38

Figure A3. Occupation Physical Abilities Importance Index Distribution 39

Figure A4. Heterogeneity by Education: DDD Estimates for High Education 40

Figure A5. Heterogeneity by Below Mean Occupation: DDD Estimates 41

Figure A6. Heterogeneity by 1SD Above Mean Occupation: DDD Estimates 42

Figure A7. Heterogeneity by Family Structure: DDD Estimates for Married With Kids 43

Figure A8. Heterogeneity by Family Structure: DDD Estimates for Married Without Kids 44

Figure A9. Heterogeneity by Family Structure: DDD Estimates for Single With Kids 45

Figure A10. Heterogeneity by Family Structure: DDD Estimates for Single Without Kids 46

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