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소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
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Title page 1

Contents 1

Acknowledgements 2

Executive summary 6

Introduction 18

Intersecting challenges of nature loss, climate risk, and development needs 26

Status of and trends in NBS for climate resilience in SSA 34

Challenges to and strategies for advancing NBS in SSA 48

Funding and financing strategies for scaling up NBS investments 56

Recommendations to scale up NBS adoption 66

Conclusion 76

Appendix A. Project database 79

Appendix B. Interviews 84

Appendix C. List of NBS projects in Sub-Saharan Africa 87

References 90

Tables 47

Table 1. FCV status and financing instruments, 2012-21 47

Table 2. Overview of barriers to and recommended strategies for scaling up NBS in SSA 49

Table 3. Funding and financing instruments to increase capital for NBS in SSA 59

Table 4. Barriers to NBS addressed through six recommendations 67

Table 5. Climate impacts, exposure, and related NBS strategies 71

Figures 21

Figure 1. Nature-based solutions for climate resilience and co-benefits 21

Figure 2. Example NBS interventions for climate resilience objectives 22

Figure 3. Report structure 25

Figure 4. Projected annual population exposed to river flooding in SSA, 2030 28

Figure 5. Exposure to coastal flooding during a 100-year flood event in 2015 29

Figure 6. Historical agricultural drought as a function of hazard and exposure, 1980-2016 30

Figure 7. Estimated built-up area in urban areas exposed to 100-year flooding, 1985-2015 31

Figure 8. Estimated number of high heat stress days per year in urban areas aggregated to the country level, 2012-16 32

Figure 9. Urban green space loss at the country level, 2000-20 33

Figure 10. Project initiation by year for NBS projects for climate resilience in SSA, 2012-23 36

Figure 11. Geographic distribution of funding secured for NBS climate resilience projects in SSA, 2012-21 38

Figure 12. Climate resilience objective by project type, 2012-21 39

Figure 13. Main project co-benefits, 2012-21 40

Figure 14. Types of lead project developers, 2012-2021 42

Figure 15. Primary funders of nature-based solutions by project type 43

Figure 16. Funding instruments by project count and NBS type, 2012-21 45

Figure 17. Funding instruments by percentage of funding and NBS type, 2012-21 45

Figure 18. Overview of funders and financial instruments for NBS in SSA 58

Boxes 19

Box 1. Key terms 19

Box 2. NBS project identification process, 2012-23 35

Box 3. Biodiversity safeguards 40

Box 4. Water utility leading NBS project for climate resilience 42

Box 5. MDB key highlights from 2022-23 projects 44

Box 6. NBS enabling policy and financing framework 50

Box 7. Project preparation facilities 52

Box 8. Initiatives to build regional knowledge hubs 53

Box 9. Considerations for carbon credits 63

Box 10. The NBS project cycle 69

Box Tables 53

Table B8-1. Examples of regional initiatives for landscape and seascape restoration 53

Appendix Tables 80

Table A-1. Typology of NBS interventions for climate resilience objectives 80

Table A-2. Keyword list for project identification for assessments 1-3 81

Table A-3. List of sources to build NBS project database for climate resilience 82

Table A-4. Project information collected and analyzed 83

Table B-1. List of interview participants by type 84

Table B-2. Definitions of barriers for project developer and investor interviews 86

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