Title page 1

Contents 2

KEY TAKEAWAYS 1

INTRODUCTION 4

Methodology 6

FINDINGS 7

Specialization Rankings 7

INDUSTRY PROFILES 11

IT and Information Services 11

Electrical Equipment 20

Motor Vehicles 35

Machinery and Equipment 42

Computers, Electronics, and Optical Products 44

Other Transportation 46

Pharmaceuticals and Biotech 53

STATE PROFILES 58

No. 1: Washington 58

No. 2: Virginia 60

No. 3: Indiana 62

No. 4: Michigan 64

No. 5: California 66

No. 6: Massachusetts 68

No. 7: Connecticut 70

No. 8: Kansas 72

No. 9: Iowa 74

No. 10: Utah 76

No. 11: Wisconsin 78

No. 12: Kentucky 80

No. 13: Alabama 82

No. 14: New Hampshire 84

No. 15: Ohio 86

No. 16: Missouri 88

No. 17: Maryland 90

No. 18: South Carolina 92

No. 19: Colorado 94

No. 20: Vermont 96

No. 21: Minnesota 98

No. 22: Georgia 100

No. 23: Illinois 102

No. 24: North Carolina 104

No. 25: Maine 106

No. 26: Delaware 108

No. 27: Oregon 110

No. 28: Nebraska 112

No. 29: Tennessee 114

No. 30: District of Columbia 116

No. 31: Mississippi 118

No. 32: New Jersey 120

No. 33: Texas 122

No. 34: Arkansas 124

No. 35: North Dakota 126

No. 36: Idaho 128

No. 37: Pennsylvania 130

No. 38: New York 132

No. 39: Arizona 134

No. 40: South Dakota 136

No. 41: Oklahoma 138

No. 42: Rhode Island 140

No. 43: Florida 142

No. 44: Nevada 144

No. 45: West Virginia 146

No. 46: Alaska 148

No. 47: New Mexico 150

No. 48: Montana 152

No. 49: Wyoming 154

No. 50: Louisiana 156

No. 51: Hawaii 158

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 160

CONCLUSION 161

ENDNOTES 162

Tables 10

Table 1. State Hamilton Index industry leaders, 2022 10

Figures 5

Figure 1. Total employment in industries included in Hamilton Index, 2022 (8.2 million) 5

Figure 2. Hamilton industry shares of the U.S. economy 5

Figure 3. States' national LQs 8

Figure 4. States' global LQs 9

Figure 5. Number of employees in Hamilton Index industries (top 10 states) 10

Figure 6. IT and information services industry group LQ, 2022 11

Figure 7. Software publishing LQ, 2022 12

Figure 8. Number of employees in software publishing by state (top 10 states, and all others) 13

Figure 9. Data processing, hosting, and related services LQ, 2022 14

Figure 10. Number of employees in data processing, hosting, and related services (top 10 states, and all others) 15

Figure 11. Internet publishing, broadcasting, and web search portals LQ, 2022 16

Figure 12. Number of employees in Internet publishing, broadcasting, and web search (top 10 states and all others) 17

Figure 13. Computer systems design and related services LQ, 2022 18

Figure 14. Number of employees in computer systems design and related services (top 10 states, and all others) 19

Figure 15. Electrical equipment manufacturing industry group LQ, 2022 20

Figure 16. Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing equipment LQ, 2022 21

Figure 17. Number of employees in engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 22

Figure 18. Household appliance manufacturing LQ, 2022 23

Figure 19. Number of employees in household appliance manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 24

Figure 20. Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing LQ, 2022 25

Figure 21. Number of employees in electric lamp bulb and parts manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 26

Figure 22. Power equipment manufacturing LQ, 2022 27

Figure 23. Number of employees in power equipment manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 28

Figure 24. Battery manufacturing LQ, 2022 29

Figure 25. Number of employees in battery manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 30

Figure 26. Fiber optic cable manufacturing LQ, 2022 31

Figure 27. Number of employees in fiber optic cable manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 32

Figure 28. Wiring device manufacturing LQ, 2022 33

Figure 29. Number of employees in wiring device manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 34

Figure 30. Motor vehicle manufacturing industry group LQ, 2022 35

Figure 31. Automobile and light-duty motor vehicle manufacturing LQ, 2022 36

Figure 32. Number of employees in automobile and light-duty motor vehicle manufacturing by state (top 10 states, and all others) 37

Figure 33. Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing LQ, 2022 38

Figure 34. Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 39

Figure 35. Motor vehicle parts manufacturing LQ, 2022 40

Figure 36. Motor vehicle parts manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 41

Figure 37. Machinery manufacturing LQ, 2022 42

Figure 38. Number of employees in machinery manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 43

Figure 39. Computer and electronic manufacturing LQ, 2022 44

Figure 40. Employees in computer and electronic product manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 45

Figure 41. Other transportation industry group LQ, 2022 46

Figure 42. Aerospace product and parts manufacturing LQ, 2022 47

Figure 43. Number of employees in aerospace product and parts manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 48

Figure 44. Railroad rolling stock manufacturing LQ, 2022 49

Figure 45. Number of employees in railroad rolling stock manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 50

Figure 46. Ship and boat building LQ, 2022 51

Figure 47. Number of employees in ship and boat building (top 10 states, and all others) 52

Figure 48. Pharmaceuticals and biotech industry group LQ, 2022 53

Figure 49. Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing LQ, 2022 54

Figure 50. Number of employees in pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing (top 10 states, and all others) 55

Figure 51. Biotechnology R&D LQ, 2022 56

Figure 52. Number of employees in biotechnology R&D (top 10 states, and all others) 57

Figure 53. Washington's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 58

Figure 54. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Washington (322,000 workers total) 59

Figure 55. Virginia's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 60

Figure 56. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Virginia (333,100 workers total) 61

Figure 57. Indiana's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 62

Figure 58. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Indiana (264,200 workers total) 63

Figure 59. Michigan's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 64

Figure 60. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Michigan (358,900 workers total) 65

Figure 61. California's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 66

Figure 62. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in California (1.3M workers total) 67

Figure 63. Massachusetts's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 68

Figure 64. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Massachusetts (279,200 workers total) 69

Figure 65. Connecticut's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 70

Figure 66. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Connecticut (118,100 workers total) 71

Figure 67. Kansas's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 72

Figure 68. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Kansas (92,800 workers total) 73

Figure 69. Iowa's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 74

Figure 70. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Iowa (101,500 workers total) 75

Figure 71. Utah's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 76

Figure 72. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Utah (109,700 workers total) 77

Figure 73. Wisconsin's performance in Hamilton Index industries 78

Figure 74. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Wisconsin (184,800 workers total) 79

Figure 75. Kentucky's performance in Hamilton Index industries 80

Figure 76. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Kentucky (117,700 workers total) 81

Figure 77. Alabama's performance in Hamilton Index industries 82

Figure 78. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Alabama (123,200 workers total) 83

Figure 79. New Hampshire's performance in Hamilton Index industries 84

Figure 80. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in New Hampshire (41,900 workers total) 85

Figure 81. Ohio's performance in Hamilton Index industries 86

Figure 82. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Ohio (324,900 workers total) 87

Figure 83. Missouri's performance in Hamilton Index industries 88

Figure 84. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Missouri (166,700 workers total) 89

Figure 85. Maryland's performance in Hamilton Index industries 90

Figure 86. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Maryland (157,500 workers total) 91

Figure 87. South Carolina's performance in Hamilton Index industries 92

Figure 88. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in South Carolina (126,500 workers total) 93

Figure 89. Colorado's performance in Hamilton Index industries 94

Figure 90. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Colorado (152,400 workers total) 95

Figure 91. Vermont's performance in Hamilton Index industries 96

Figure 92. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Vermont (15,400 workers total) 97

Figure 93. Minnesota's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 98

Figure 94. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Minnesota (159,000 workers total) 99

Figure 95. Georgia's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 100

Figure 96. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Georgia (245,800 workers total) 101

Figure 97. Illinois's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 102

Figure 98. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Illinois (308,100 workers total) 103

Figure 99. North Carolina's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 104

Figure 100. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in North Carolina (226,800 workers total) 105

Figure 101. Maine's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 106

Figure 102. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Maine (29,200 workers total) 107

Figure 103. Delaware's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 108

Figure 104. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Delaware (23,200 workers total) 109

Figure 105. Oregon's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 110

Figure 106. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Oregon (87,800 workers total) 111

Figure 107. Nebraska's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 112

Figure 108. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Nebraska (46,800 workers total) 113

Figure 109. Tennessee's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 114

Figure 110. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Tennessee (148,900 workers total) 115

Figure 111. District of Columbia's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 116

Figure 112. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in the District of Columbia (27,200 workers) 117

Figure 113. Mississippi's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 118

Figure 114. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Mississippi (48,400 workers total) 119

Figure 115. New Jersey's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 120

Figure 116. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in New Jersey (194,000 workers total) 121

Figure 117. Texas's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 122

Figure 118. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Texas (583,700 workers total) 123

Figure 119. Arkansas's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 124

Figure 120. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Arkansas (52,700 workers total) 125

Figure 121. North Dakota's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 126

Figure 122. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in North Dakota (16,000 workers total) 127

Figure 123. Idaho's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 128

Figure 124. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Idaho (31,500 workers total) 129

Figure 125. Pennsylvania's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 130

Figure 126. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Pennsylvania (251,400 workers total) 131

Figure 127. New York's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 132

Figure 128. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in New York (373,800 workers total) 133

Figure 129. Arizona's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 134

Figure 130. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Arizona (122,100 workers total) 135

Figure 131. South Dakota's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 136

Figure 132. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in South Dakota (15,300 workers total) 137

Figure 133. Oklahoma's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 138

Figure 134. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Oklahoma (55,300 workers total) 139

Figure 135. Rhode Island's relative performance in Hamilton Index indust 140

Figure 136. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Rhode Island (16,800 workers total) 141

Figure 137. Florida's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 142

Figure 138. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Florida (292,700 workers total) 143

Figure 139. Nevada's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 144

Figure 140. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Nevada (36,000 workers total) 145

Figure 141. West Virginia's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 146

Figure 142. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in West Virginia (13,900 workers total) 147

Figure 143. Alaska's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 148

Figure 144. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Alaska (5,700 workers total) 149

Figure 145. New Mexico's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 150

Figure 146. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in New Mexico (14,200 workers total) 151

Figure 147. Montana's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 152

Figure 148. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Montana (8,400 workers total) 153

Figure 149. Wyoming's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 154

Figure 150. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Wyoming (4,100 workers total) 155

Figure 151. Louisiana's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 156

Figure 152. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Louisiana (31,300 workers total) 157

Figure 153. Hawaii's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries 158

Figure 154. Number of employees in Hamilton Index subindustries in Hawaii (5,500 workers total) 159