title page
Contents
Abstract 8
I. INTRODUCTION 9
II. Materials and methods 17
A. Materials 17
B. Methods 20
1. Morphological analysis 20
2. Molecular analysis 22
III. Results 31
A. Morphological analysis 31
B. RAPD analysis 38
C. Sequence analysis 46
IV. Discussion 58
References 63
국문초록 69
Appendix 1. Data matrix used for morphological analysis. Character numbers correspond to those in Table 3. Abbreviation follows Table 3. Missing value was coded 999 70
Appendix 2. Dice's coefficient similarity matrix in RAPD. Abbreviation follows Table 3 76
Appendix 3. Aligned sequences of ITS region 79
Appendix 4. Aligned sequences of psbA-trnH region. Square is hairpin structure 85
Appendix 5. Aligned sequences of rpL16 region 88
Appendix 6. Aligned sequences of trnS-trnG region 94
Table 1. Taxonomic treatments of section Alboveratrum taxa 15
Table 2. Comparison of species of section Alboveratrum of genus Veratrum based on original description by Loesener(1926) and Nakai (1937a, b) 16
Table 3. Materials used in the morphological, RAPD and sequence analysis 18
Table 4. Morphological characters of Alboveratrum for a multivariate analysis 21
Table 5. ITS, psbA-trnH, trnS-trnG and rpL16 primers in PCR and sequencing 30
Table 6. Distribution of accessions of Alboveratrum examined according to the diagnostic characters of tepals and leaves… 33
Table 7. Loadings of the 27 morphological characters for the first three factors… 35
Table 8. The sequences of twelve primers and description of the generated RAPD fragments 41
Table 9. RAPD polymorphism within populations of Alboveratrum… 42
Table 10. Dice's similarity coefficient between populations of Alboveratrum based on the RAPD analysis… 43
Table 11. Statistics from the sequence analysis of Alboveratrum in Korea 49
Table 12. Pairwise sequence divergence of 34 accessions of Alboveratrum in Korea 52
Figure 1. Sampling sites of populations of Alboveratrum in Korea… 19
Figure 2. 2D plot diagram of 119 individuals of Alboveratrum in Korea along PC1 and PC2… 36
Figure 3. Dendrogram of 119 individuals of Alboveratrum in Korea generated by… 37
Figure 4. Data matrix of 115 characters for RAPD analysis from 51 taxa of Alboveratrum in Korea 40
Figure 5. The dendrogram generated by the UPGMA method using RAPD data… 44
Figure 6. 2D plot diagram representation of a PCO of the genetic relatedness among… 45
Figure 7. The strict consensus tree based on combined of ITS, psbA-trnH, rpL16, and trnS-trnG sequences… 56
Figure 8. Neighbor-Joining tree based on ITS, psbA-trnH, rpL16, and trnS-trnG sequences… 57