Title page
ABSTRACT
Contents
Acknowledgements 10
I. Introduction 11
A. Research Question 11
B. Methodology 13
II. Theoretical Background 16
A. Theory of Negotiation 16
1. Concept of Negotiation 16
2. Analyzing Multiparty Negotiation 18
3. Analyzing Bilateral Negotiation 19
(1) Characteristics of Bilateral Negotiation 19
(2) Zone of Potential Agreement 20
B. Linkage Theory 23
C. Two-level Game Theory 25
1. Concept of Win-sets 27
2. Strategies of Win-sets 29
(1) Tying-hands and Political Debate 29
(2) Cutting Slacks 30
(3) Issue Linkage 32
(4) Reverberation 33
(5) Collusion 34
(6) Ultranational Lobbying and Coalition 34
III. Framework 36
A. Characteristics of North Korean Society and Applying Twolevel Game Theory 36
B. Theoretical Alternative: Extend Two-level Game Theory Applied to Bilateral Negotiation Process 37
IV. Analyze Negotiation Between North Korea-US During the First to Second Phase Fifth Round of Six-party Talks 40
A. Negotiation Process after the North Korea Admitted Nuclear Program in 2002 41
B. ZOPA of the United States: A Complete Abandonment of the Nuclear Program of North Korea 43
1. Cutting Down Win-sets Strategy: Tying-hands 43
2. Cutting Down Win-sets Strategy: Political Debate 45
(1) Economic Sanctions 45
(2) Human Right Issues 47
C. ZOPA of the North Korea: Aids from US and a Guarantee of North Korean Regime 50
1. Expanding Counterpart’s Win-sets Strategy: Issue Linkage 50
2. Cutting Down Win-sets Strategy: Tying-hands 52
(1) Launching Ballistic Missiles 53
(2) Nuclear Test 56
V. Negotiation Process after the Fifth Round of Six-party Talks 59
A. Initial Actions To Implement Six-party Joint Statement 61
1. Domestic Situation of the United States and the North Korea after the Initial Actions 64
2. Abandonment t of Nuclear Program 66
(1) Expanding Win-sets Strategy of US: Cutting Slacks 67
a. Complete Removal of Economic Sanctions 67
b. Removal from the State Sponsor of Terrorism and the Trading with the Enemy Act 69
B. Second-Phase Actions for the Implementation of the September 2005 Joint Statement 71
C. Summary 72
VI. Conclusion 74
Appendix 77
A. Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks 77
B. Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement (Final) 81
C. Second-Phase Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement 85
국문초록 89
Bibliography 91
Table 1. Win-sets strategy 35
Figure 1. Field of negotiation 17
Figure 2. Zone of Potential Agreement and Bottom line 22
Figure 3. Effects of reducing win-set 28
Figure 4. Extended Two-level Game 39