Title Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS 11
ABSTRACT 13
I. Introduction 15
A. Problem Statement 15
B. Conceptual Framework 16
C. Methodology 18
1. Social Characteristics 18
2. Economic Characteristics 20
3. Political Characteristics 21
D. The Reasons for the Chosen Four Donor Countries: the U.S., Japan, the U.K., and Sweden 22
II. Overview of Official Development Assistance 24
A. What ODA is 24
B. Determinants of ODA Decision Making 24
III. Comparison of Characteristics of the U. S., Japan, the U.K., and Sweden’s Major Recipient Countries 28
A. Characteristics of the U. S. ’s Major Recipient Countries 28
B. Characteristics of Japan’s Major Recipient Countries 41
C. Characteristics of the U. K. ’s Major Recipient Countries 52
D. Characteristics of Sweden’s Major Recipient Countries 64
E. Comparison of the Major Recipient Countries of the U. S., Japan, the U.K., and Sweden 75
IV. Analyze Characteristics of Four Donor Countries: the U.S., Japan, the U.K., and Sweden 90
A. Comparison of Characteristics of the U.S., Japan, the U.K., and Sweden 90
B. Implication 106
V. Conclusion 116
BIBLIOGRAPHY 118
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1.1. Major Recipient Countries of the U. S. ’s Aid in 1996-97 and 2006-07 28
Table 3.1.2. Colonial Experience and HDI. of the U. S. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 30
Table 3.1.3. Colonial Experience and HDI. of the U. S. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 32
Table 3.1.4. Major Recipient Countries of the U. S. in 1996-97, 2006-07: Region, and Income Group 33
Table 3.1.5. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and the U.S. in 1996-98 35
Table 3.1.6. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and the U.S. in 2006-08 37
Table 3.1.7. Political Right Index. of the U. S. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 39
Table 3.1.8. Political Right Index. of the U. S. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 40
Table 3.2.1. Major Recipient Countries of Japan’s Aid in 1996-97 and 2006-07 41
Table 3.2.2. Colonial Experience and HDI. of Japan’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 43
Table 3.2.3. Colonial Experience and HDI. of Japan’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 44
Table 3.2.4. Major Recipient Countries of Japan in 1996-97 and 2006-07: Region, and Income Group 45
Table 3.2.5. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and Japan in 1996-98 47
Table 3.2.6. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and Japan in 2006-08 49
Table 3.2.7. Political Right Index. of Japan’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 51
Table 3.2.8. Political Right Index. of Japan’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 52
Table 3.3.1. Major Recipient Countries of the U. K. ’s Aid in 1996-97 and 2006-07 53
Table 3.3.2. Colonial Experience and HDI. of the U. K. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 54
Table 3.3.3. Colonial Experience and HDI. of the U. K. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 56
Table 3.3.4. Major Recipient Countries of the U. K. in 1996-97, 2006-07: Region, and Income Group 57
Table 3.3.5. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and the U.K. in 1997-98 59
Table 3.3.6. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and the U.K. in 2006-08 60
Table 3.3.7. Political Right Index. of the U. K. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 62
Table 3.3.8. Political Right Index. of the U. K. ’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 63
Table 3.4.1. Major Recipient Countries of Sweden’s Aid in 1996-97 and 2006-07 64
Table 3.4.2. Colonial Experience and HDI. of Sweden’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 66
Table 3.4.3. Colonial Experience and HDI. of Sweden’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 67
Table 3.4.4. Major Recipient Countries of Sweden in 1996-97 and 2006-07: Region, and Income Group 68
Table 3.4.5. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and Sweden in 1996-98 70
Table 3.4.6. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient Countries and Sweden in 2006-08 72
Table 3.4.7. Political Right Index. of Sweden’s Major Recipient Countries in 1996-97 74
Table 3.4.8. Political Right Index. of Sweden’s Major Recipient Countries in 2006-07 75
Table 3.5.1. Top Three Recipient Countries from the the U.K., and Sweden in 1996-97 and 2006-07 76
Table 3.5.2. Colonial Experience and HDI. of Major Major Recipient Countries 78
Table 3.5.3. Major Recipient Countries by Region 80
Table 3.5.4. Major Recipient Countries by Income Group 82
Table 3.5.5. Trade Statistics between Major Recipient and Donor Countries 83
Table 3.5.6. Number of Increased and Decreased Countries in Trade Statistics 85
Table 3.5.7. Political Right Index. of Major Recipient Countries 87
Table 4.1.1. Regional Distribution of Japanese Bilateral ODA 95
Table 4.2.1. Economic Characteristics of the U. S., Japan, and Sweden 109