Title Page
Abstract
Contents
I. Introduction 12
II. Theoretical background 22
1. Three different approaches of self-regulation 22
2. Various definitions and measures 33
1) Definitions of self-regulation 33
2) Measuring self-regulation 35
3. Components and processes of self-regulation 40
4. Individual characteristics on self-regulation 43
1) Achievement goals and self-regulation 43
2) Perfectionism and self-regulation 46
III. Purpose of study 48
IV. Study 1 52
1. Introduction 52
2. Methods 54
1) Participants 54
2) Experimental design and task 54
3) Procedure 60
4) Computing indices 61
3. Results 66
4. Discussion 69
V. Study 2 73
1. Introduction 73
2. Methods 76
1) Participants 76
2) Measures 77
3) Procedures 80
3. Results 81
4. Discussion 86
VI. Study 3 95
1. Introduction 95
2. Methods 99
1) Participants 99
2) Experimental design and tasks 99
3) Procedure 103
4) Imaging data acquisition and analysis 105
3. Results 107
4. Discussion 114
VII. General discussion 118
References 129
Appendices 150
Appendix I : Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) 151
Appendix II : Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) 152
Appendix III : Achievement Goals Orientation Questionnaire 156
Appendix IV : Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) 157
국문초록 159
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of task scores in Temptation and No-Temptation conditions 67
Table 2. Descriptive statistics and Correlations among Monitoring, Inhibition, and Self-regulated performance on the Letter Transcription Task 69
Table 3. Descriptive statistics and Correlations among Monitoring, Inhibition, Self-regulated performance, MSLQ, MAI, Achievement Goals, and Perfectionism on the Letter Transcription Task 85
Table 4. Example options of conflict conditions 101
Table 5. Regions of significant activation in strong and weak conflict during delayed-immediate reward option choice 109
Table 6. Areas of significantly positive BOLD signal dependent upon Stroop task accuracy 111
Figure 1. Score prediction as a device to measure monitoring. Left is pre-task estimation; right is post-task estimation. 55
Figure 2. No-temptation Condition. The first two blocks of the task had no interference. 57
Figure 3. Temptation Condition. Upper is the start screen that is displayed: half of the task and half of the interference animation. Lower left is when the interference animation fully covers the... 58
Figure 4. Letter Transcription Task. The task program has two real like exercises and eight experimental blocks. 60
Figure 5. Experimental task procedure. After 1 s of blank screen, participants chose the reward choice between the immediate but small and delayed but larger reward for 4s. Following 750 ms inter-... 103
Figure 6. Areas with significant activation correlated with Stroop task scores during delayed but large reward choice in strong conflict condition (see Table 5). Significant positive correlations were found... 112