The purpose ofthe study was to examine empirically the structural model, established on the causalrelationship between leisure constraints and the leisure constraints negotiation, and the recreation specialization, and in-between in jockeys. It would be contribute to understand the problem that constrains the leisure activities of jockeys, and to analyze the leisure negotiation and specialization processto achievea certain levelin leisure activities. and also to provide the basic data of policy establishment to promote and enhance the active and effective leisure participation of the jockeys.
The populations of the study were composed of jockeys who were registered as jockeys and apprentice jockeys in the year of 2012 at the Korea Racing Authority. At the time of December 2012, there were 130 jockeys and 9 apprentices in three racecourses such as Seoul Racecourse, Busan Gyungnam Racecourse, and Jeju Racecourse. The instrument of the study was based on the questionnaire consisting of ① demographic characteristics, ② jockey's career characteristics, ③ type of leisure activities, ④ leisureconstraints, ⑤ leisureconstraints negotiation, and ⑥ recreation specialization. The collective data has been analyzed by using SPSS PC+ and AMOS 18.0 in the variou method according to the type of data's purpose. The statistics employed the study were reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test one-way analysis of variance, and covariance structure analysis.
Conclusions of the study were as follow.
First, there was no difference in the leisure constraints, the leisure constraints negotiations, and the recreation specialization according to jockeys' sex, age, and academic background,
Second, no difference is shown in the leisure constraints by region, however, there is a slight difference shown in sub factor in the field of the leisure constraints negotiation and recreational specialization. In the detailed analysis, the apprentice jockeys group well managed in the leisure constraints, and the Jeju jockeys group did bestin skill acquisition and restoring energy effort, meanwhile, the Seoul jockeys group did good in the aspiration transition effort. In allsub factors, such as the recreation specialization, information, experience, proficiency, significance, centrality, physical aspiration, except the skill acquisition, the Jeju jockeys group was higher than others. In the field of the leisure constraints negotiation, jockeys with over 15-year careers did well in the time-based management and careers in between 11 to 15-year jockeys did good in the recreation of using information, technical knowledge, and physical aspiration.
Third, there was no difference found in the leisure activity by any group, however many jockeys were to overcome the leisure constraints using past time and relaxation. The active participants group in sport and health activities did good in time management, adjusting intensity, restoring energy, and eager for change.
In recreational specialization, thesocial, recreational jockeys group have more skilled information and physical aspiration.
Fourth, the structure model of jockeys group was thought to be suitable to between the leisure constraints, leisure constraints negotiation, and recreational specialization.
Fifth, there were no cause and effect relations between the leisure constraints and the leisure constraints negotiations; however, the leisure constraints show negative effect in recreational specialization.
Sixth, the leisure constrains negotiations had a silent effect on recreational specialization.