Since the 1960s, the shipbuilding industry along with the heavy and chemical industry has been playing a pivotal role in the economic development of the government's economic policies to modernize the economic and industrial structure. However, the accident rates in shipbuilding industry are still high compared to the average accident rates of all industries and manufacturing industries because of the disorderly labor-intensive industry characteristics, and fatal injuries are incessantly occurring. The serious problem here is that these shipyards have been recognized by the government for their excellent safety management capabilities. In these shipyards, accidents happen every year. For this reason, the effectiveness for Shipbuilding Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation System of the government has been questioned. To strengthen safety management under these circumstances, the government has requested the shipbuilders with more than 100 regular workers (including in-house subcontract workers) to carry out the Safety and Health Compliance Plan on risk assessment, safety culture, safety education, site safety implementation system, and safety measures in the contract work for shipbuilders. And to submit it. In addition, the government check and evaluate the performance status of the Safety and Health Compliance Plan. And manage differently according to the evaluation level. However, during the implementation of the system. a crane collision accident happened recently inside a shipbuilding company in Geoje city in Korea. As a result, 5 people were killed and 25 injured. By the way, this workplace is a shipbuilding company where the government recognizes that safety management is excellent. And therefore critical accusations about the effectiveness of Shipbuilding Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation System, which is implemented by the government, are being constantly raised as serious fatal injuries occur every year in such excellent workplace. For this reason, the problem of improving the Shipbuilding Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation System has become a very important issue for the shipbuilding industry to lead the global market by enhancing the corporate image through the prevention of occupational accidents. Research on this is also becoming a important issue. Nevertheless, studies using quantitative data are still limited.
Therefore, in order to enhance the effectiveness of Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation System in the shipbuilding industry, we analyzed the characteristic of the 25 shipyards for safety and health compliance evaluation conducted by the government using FCM(Fuzzy C-Means) cluster analysis. After analyzing the data on the evaluation score, workplace size, accident rate, and the number of fatal injuries of the target workplace, the characteristic of the cluster, we identified by classifying the workplace with similar characteristics.
And regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between accident rate and compliance evaluation variables for hazard assessment, safety culture, safety education, site safety implementation systeme and safety measures in contract work. An empirical analysis was conducted on the factors affecting the accident rate through regression analysis. And suggest the improvement direction.
In the FCM cluster analysis, the cluster to which big companies belong are high scored in most compliances evaluation fields compared to small and medium sized enterprises. Especially, they have excellent score in safety culture field. In the cluster to which small and medium sized enterprises belong, safety management is generally weak, and in particular, there is a weakness in risk assessment and safety education. In addition, the common characteristics are that support for contract work of internal partner companies and safety management are relatively weak compared to other evaluation fields. Therefore, when selecting the workplace subject to safety and health evaluation for shipbuilding, it is necessary to classify them according to their characteristics and scale.
In the Multiple Regression Analysis for the result of Shipbuilding Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation System and the survey for shipbuilders, the accident rate was analyzed to be more influenced by the structural aspects of the safety management system such as risk assessment, safety culture, safety education, site safety implementation system, and safety measures in contract work.
The results of the FCM cluster analysis and the regression analysis on the results of the Shipbuilding Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation System and the survey for shipbuilders are summarized as follows.
First, in the analysis by the FCM method, the large enterprise group has the characteristic of being excellent in safety culture and safety education field. In the case of small and medium-sized enterprises, it has the characteristic of being excellent in safety culture field, In the case of small-sized enterprises, it is analyzed that the overall safety management is very weak because there is no room for safety management because of the realistic difficulties in terms of organizational and financial aspects. As a common characteristic, it is analyzed that the safety measures related to the contract work for the in-house cooperators are insufficient. This means that the employment structure is stratified(re-subcontract) and it is not easy to manage safety.
Second, in the regression analysis of Shipbuilding Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation System, it is considered that the risk assessment system for shipbuilding industry is settling into the workplace, In the regression equation, it is analyzed that if the risk assessment score is increased one point, it is decreased 1.44% compared to the shipbuilding accident rate in 2016 .
Third, in the frequency analysis of the questionnaires of shipbuilding sites, the safety culture is considered to be the most important factor in the job, position, career, and age response of the employees of the partner companies. On the other hand, safety measures in contract work are considered to be less than relative importance.
Fourth, regression analysis of the questionnaire survey of shipyards shows that the risk assessment variables such as the regression analysis results for the Shipbuilding Safety and Health Compliance Evaluation are significant, The site safety measures compliance system variable was positive(+) as opposed to the expected code. Even if the machinery, equipment, and facilities on the site are safe, the accident rate may not go down, but it may go up. This means that, unlike the safety management system, an accident occurs at the workplace. Despite strengthening safety management at some sites, the reason why the accident rate does not decrease is that it tends to strengthen visible safety management such as reinforcement of site inspection, improvement of safety and health facilities, and strengthening punishment of related persons without changing the fundamental management structure of the safety management system. In this way, expanding the organization and increasing the budget for reinforcement of safety management may cause the loosening of management and increase the accident.
In conclusion, it is analyzed that the accident rate is more influenced by management than the facility side.