Title Page
Abstract
Contents
List of Abbreviations 13
Introduction 16
1. Research background 16
2. Literature review 19
2.1. Literature review on port competition 19
2.2. Literature review on container terminals in Northern Vietnam 21
2.3. Literature review on the application of game theory in port competition 23
3. Methodologies 25
Chapter 1. Overview of Container Terminals in Northern Vietnam 30
1.1. Development of container terminals in Northern Vietnam from 2005 to 2016 30
1.2. Comparative analysis of container terminals in Northern Vietnam 34
Chapter 2. Analysis on the current situation of the competition 41
2.1. Hierarchical cluster analysis 41
2.2. Data envelopment analysis 50
2.3. Factor analysis 58
Chapter 3. Game theoretical approach to the competition 71
3.1. Model specification 71
3.2. The game models 75
3.2.1. The non-cooperative game 75
3.2.2. The co-operative game 77
Chapter 4. Results of the non-cooperative game and cooperative game 81
4.1. Estimation of the operational parameters of the game models 81
4.1.1. Other user's costs (OUC) 81
4.1.2. The vessel waiting time and berth occupancy ratio 84
4.1.3. The vessel daily costs 92
4.1.4. Estimation of waiting cost per container and Regression analysis to define the Other User Costs (OUC) 101
4.2. Input data for game model 103
4.3. The non-cooperative game's results 108
4.4. The co-operative game results 110
4.4.1. Results under scenario 1 110
4.4.2. Results under scenario 2 112
4.4.3. Results under scenario 3 113
4.5. Stability of coalition 115
Conclusion 117
Reference 124
Appendixes 15
Appendix 1. Estimation of vessels' waiting time at container terminals in Northern Vietnam 132
Appendix 2. Survey based on uncertain statistics theory to estimate container vessels' daily cost at container terminals in Northern Vietnam 146
Appendix 3. Estimation of waiting cost/TEU 150
Appendix 4. Matlab code to calculate the equilibrium price and market-share of container terminals in Northern Vietnam 158
Appendix 4.1. The case of non-cooperation 158
Appendix 4.2. The case of cooperation, scenario 1 160
Appendix 4.3. The case of cooperation, scenario 2 162
Appendix 4.4. The case of cooperation, scenario 3 164
Table 1.1. List of container terminals in Northern Vietnam 32
Table 1.2. Throughput of container terminals in Northern... 35
Table 2.1. Database for the Hierarchical cluster analysis 44
Table 2.2. Summary of groups composed by Hierarchical cluster... 49
Table 2.3. Database for the Data envelopment analysis 53
Table 2.4. The Data Envelopment Analysis result 54
Table 2.5. Statistics on Input/ Output data 55
Table 2.6. Average efficiency score by groups 57
Table 2.7. Indicators to perform factor analysis on infrastructure... 61
Table 2.8. Normalized database 62
Table 2.9. Total variance explained 63
Table 2.10. Component matrix 64
Table 2.11. Component score coefficient matrix 64
Table 2.12. Terminals ranking based on infrastructure score 66
Table 2.13. Combined results of DEA, Hierarchical cluster analysis... 68
Table 4.1. Input data for queuing model 91
Table 4.2. Summary of container vessels calling terminals in... 99
Table 4.3. Summary of survey to examine the daily costs of... 100
Table 4.4. Average Utility, Handling charge and OUC of container... 105
Table 4.5. Input data for the Game models 107
Table 4.6. Equilibrium results of the Non-cooperation game 109
Table 4.7. Equilibrium results of the co-operative game, scenario 1 111
Table 4.8. Equilibrium results of the co-operative game, scenario 2 112
Table 4.9. Equilibrium results of the co-operative game, scenario 3 113
Table 4.10. Comparison between the equilibrium profits under... 114
Figure 1.1. Location of Northern Vietnam seaports 34
Figure 1.2. Changes in major facilities of container terminals in... 36
Figure 1.3. Comparison of container throughput between... 38
Figure 1.4. Throughput of Vinalines' container terminals and the... 39
Figure 2.1. Dendrogram generated by SPSS 45
Figure 4.1. An uncertainty distribution 94
Figure 4.2. Empirical uncertainty distribution 97