표제지
목차
논문요약 11
1. 서론 13
1.1. 연구의 필요성 13
1.2. 연구의 목적 14
II. 연구 방법 15
2.1. 강지진동 모사 15
2.1.1. 추계학적 강지진동 모사 17
2.1.2. 물리적 강지진동 모사 20
2.2. SCEC Broadband Platform(BBP) 22
2.2.1. SCEC BBP 22
2.2.2. SCEC BBP를 이용한 강지진동 모사 24
2.3. 계기 진도에 대한 강지진동 선행 연구 27
III. 연구 결과 30
3.1. 지역(CEUS vs LA Basin)에 따른 진도 분포 36
3.2. 규모(M=6.0, M=6.5, M=7.0)에 따른 진도 분포 44
3.3. PGA vs PGV MMI 변환에 따른 진도 분포 53
3.4. 모델링(Song vs Exsim) 방법에 따른 진도 분포 59
IV. 논의 62
V. 결론 70
참고문헌 72
ABSTRACT 77
부록 80
부록 1. 기상청, 한국지질자원연구원에서 운영하는 169개의 가속도 지진관측소 위치 및 9.12 경주 진앙으로부터의 거리 81
부록 2. Song Model에 의한 CEUS 지역에서의 47회 강지진동 모사를 통한 PGA 중간값 산출 예시. 88
부록 3. Song Model에 의한 미 중동부(CEUS)와 미 서부(LA Basin) 지역의 규모(6.0, 6.5, 7.0)에 따른 관측소별 PGA-MMI와 PGA-MMI의 진도값과 두 지역 간의 평균 진도 차. 102
부록 4. Exsim Model에 의한 미 중동부(CEUS)와 미 서부(LA Basin) 지역의 규모(6.0, 6.5, 7.0)에 따른 관측소별 PGA-MMI와 PGA-MMI의 평균 진도값과 두 지역 간의 평균 진도 차. 118
Table 2.1. SCEC BBP - Simulation Methods and Modelers. 23
Table 2.2. Correlations between PGA(㎝/s²) and MMI(PGAave is the PGA average of the two horizontal components and PGAmax is the largest PGA of the two horizontal components(Linkimer, 2008)).[이미지참조] 29
Table 3.1. Simulation parameters. 32
Table 3.2. ShakeMap instrumental intensity scale legend: Color palette, two-word text descriptors, and ranges of peak motions for instrumental intensities(USGS ShakeMap Manual, 2006). 35
Fig. 2.1. Point-source modeling. The earthquake source is represented by a single point. 15
Fig. 2.2. Finite-fault modeling. The fault surface is divided into smaller fault segments, and each sub-fault is treated as a point source. 16
Fig. 2.3. Earthquake simulation in time domain using the stochastic method(Boore, 1983). 19
Fig. 2.4. Example of kinematic and dynamic source models. (a) Variable slip model(Liu et al., 2006). (b) Slip on the fault (Wald and Heaton, 1994) and... 21
Fig. 2.5. Typical workflow of hybrid broadband ground motion simulation(based on Maechling, 2015). 23
Fig. 2.6. EXSIM schematic methodology. Interpreting March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake ground-motions using stochastic finite-fault simulations. 25
Fig. 2.7. Example representing the pseudo-dynamic procedure. The starting point is a slip realization generated as a spatial random field(Mai and Beroza,... 26
Fig. 2.8. The Simulated ground motion time histories (a) Peak ground acceleration & (b) Peak ground velocity. 28
Fig. 3.1. Example of finite source models for M 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 events (a) and the location of seismic stations(KMA and KIGAM) (b) at which synthetic waveforms are simulated. The red star indicates the epicenter location of the simulated events. 31
Fig. 3.2. MMI conversion pga intensity map in the CEUS region for the magnitude 7.0. 33
Fig. 3.3. PGA-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for three magnitudes((a) M=6.0, (b) M=65, (c) M=7.0)) of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin) and regional intensity difference((d) M=6.0, (e) M=6.5, (f) M=7.0)) by Song model. 37
Fig. 3.4. Comparison of all northern Sonora regression curves with those for Central and Western United States(Sbar & Dubois, 1984). 39
Fig. 3.5. PGA-MMI conversion isoseismal map for two regions(LA Basin & CEUS, Magnitude=6.5). 42
Fig. 3.6. Isoseismal map for M 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0(CEUS (a)~(c) vs LA Basin (d)~(f)) by Song model. 43
Fig. 3.7. PGA-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for two models(Song & Exsim) and two regions(CEUS & LA Basin). 48
Fig. 3.8. PGV-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for two models(Song & Exsim) and two regions(CEUS & LA Basin). 49
Fig. 3.9. Example of an near-source region intensity map(converted from PGA) for the CEUS region for an M 6.0 event with synthetic waveforms at the four selected stations(Song method). 50
Fig. 3.10. Example of an near-source region intensity map(converted from PGA) for the CEUS region for an M 65 event with synthetic waveforms at the four selected stations(Song method). 51
Fig. 3.11. Example of an near-source region intensity map(converted from PGA) for the CEUS region for an M 7.0 event with synthetic waveforms at the four selected stations(Song method). 52
Fig. 3.12. PGA-MMI and PGV-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for three Magnitude and two regions((a) PGA & PGV MMI (CEUS), (b) PGA... 54
Fig. 3.13. PGA-MMI vs PGV-MMI conversion isoseismal map for magnitude 7.0 of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin). 55
Fig. 3.14. Example of an near-source region intensity map(converted from PGV) for the CEUS region for an M 6.0 event with synthetic waveforms at the four selected stations(Song method). 56
Fig. 3.15. Example of an near-source region intensity map(converted from PGV) for the CEUS region for an M 6.5 event with synthetic waveforms at the four selected stations(Song method). 57
Fig. 3.16. Example of an near-source region intensity map(converted from PGV) for the CEUS region for an M 7.0 event with synthetic waveforms at the four selected stations(Song method). 58
Fig. 3.17. PGA-MMI Models((a) Song, (b) Exsim) as a function of epicentral distance for three magnitudes and two regions(CEUS & LA Basin). 59
Fig. 3.18. PGA-MMI conversion isoseismal map for magnitude 6.0 of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin) and two models(CEUS & Exsim). 60
Fig. 3.19. PGA-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for three magnitudes((a) M=6.0, (b) M=6.5, (c) M=7.0)) of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin) and regional intensity difference((d) M=6.0, (e) M=6.5, (f) M=7.0)) by Exsim model. 61
Fig. 4.1. PGA-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for three magnitudes((a) M=6.0, (b) M=6.5, (c) M=7.0)) of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin) by Song model. 64
Fig. 4.2. PGV-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for three magnitudes((a) M=6.0, (b) M=6.5, (c) M=7.0)) of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin) by Song model. 65
Fig. 4.3. PGA-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for three magnitudes((a) M=6.0, (b) M=6.5, (c) M=7.0)) of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin) by Exsim model. 66
Fig. 4.4. PGV-MMI as a function of epicentral distance for three magnitudes((a) M=6.0, (b) M=65, (c) M=7.0)) of two regions(CEUS & LA Basin) by Exsim model. 67
Fig. 4.5. Isoseismals distribution of area near the epicenter. 68
Fig. 4.6. Isoseismals elongate along the direction of fault plane. 69