Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 15
1.1. Background and Necessity 15
1.2. Purpose 18
1.3. Hypothesis 18
2. Theoretical Background 19
2.1. Anatomical structure of the cervical spine 19
2.2. Iliopsoas muscle 21
2.3. Stretching exercise effect 23
2.4. Kaltenborn-Evjenth(K-E) concept stretching. 25
2.5. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) Hold-Relax stretching 27
3. Methods 28
3.1. Subjects 28
3.2. Process of Research 29
3.3. Intervention 31
3.3.1. Kaltenbon-Evjenth stretching 31
3.3.2. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Hold-Relax Stretching 33
3.4. Clinical Measurements 34
3.4.1. Pain 34
3.4.2. Range Of Motion(ROM) 35
3.4.3. Lumbar lordosis angle 36
3.4.4. Transverse abdominis activation 37
3.5. Statistical Analysis 38
4. Result 39
4.1. General Characteristics of Subjects 39
4.2. Comparison of the Pain between Two groups 40
4.3. Comparison of the Lumbar lordosis angle between Two groups 41
4.4. Comparison of the Hip joint ROM between Two groups 42
4.5. Comparison of the TRA activation between Two groups 44
5. Discussion 45
6. Conclusion 51
II. Reference 53
III. List of abbreviations 62
국문요약 65
VI. Appendix 67
Table 1. General Characteristics of Subject 39
Table 2. Effects of KES and HRS on pain 40
Table 3. Effects of KES and HRS on Lumbar lordosis angle 41
Table 4. Effects of KES and HRS on Hip joint ROM 43
Table 5. Effects of KES and HRS on TRA activation 44
Figure 1. Flow Diagram of Total Experimental Procedure 30
Figure 2. KES strating positon 32
Figure 3. isometric contraction 32
Figure 4. passive stretching 32
Figure 5. antagonist 32
Figure 6. HRS starting position 33
Figure 7. HRS last position 33
Figure 8. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) 34
Figure 9. Goniometer 35
Figure 10. Modified Thomas Test hip ROM 35
Figure 11. Before cubb's angle 36
Figure 12. After cubb's angle 36
Figure 13. Ultrasound 37
Figure 14. TRA image analysis 37