In Korea, approximately 99% of international trade relies on maritime transportation, and thus the government has put a lot of times and expenditures for training the officers of ocean going merchant ship. However, the turnover rate of such officers continues to increase. It is known that one of the cause of the rate is job stress. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship among job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of the officers. The effect of job stress on job satisfaction and turnover intention was examined. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the survey tool was developed based on the Korean job stress measurement tool. The developed survey tool was modified and supplemented by considering special situations of the maritime field. Meanwhile, the proposed survey tool was named as the KMOSS(Korean Maritime officer's Occupational Stress Scale).
The questionnaires were collected from 146 officers. The conclusions were as follows. First, there were differences in job stress according to the demographic factors and the following factors were derived among entire 13 demographic factors; educational background, working department, rank, type of ship, age of ship, and experience of other occupations. Job satisfaction was different according to age, educational background, working department, kind of license, and age of ship. On the other hand, turnover intention varied according to all factors except working department, type of employment, experience of other occupations.
Second, the job stress items were classified into five factors through the factor analysis and reliability test of the questionnaire results. The five job stress factors are as follows; job burden, job compensation, human relations, job insecurity, and organizational culture. As a result of the validation, job compensation influenced job satisfaction. Additionally, among job stress factors, job burden, job compensation and organizational culture affected turnover intention.
In conclusion, systematic job stress management is required to improve job satisfaction and to reduce turnover intention of the officers. In the future research, it is necessary to develop and utilize the job stress management system using personal smart-phone and ship communication system. It is expected that ICT based job stress management tool would be effective to make company policy for systemic crew management.