Title Page
Contents
Abstract 9
1. Introduction 11
1.1. Background and Objectives 11
1.2. Research Scope and Process 17
1.3. Structure of the Thesis 17
2. Theoretical Background and Literature Review 19
2.1. Concept and Characteristics of Organization-Based Self-Esteem 19
2.1.1. Definition of "Self" 19
2.1.2. Definition of Self-Esteem 20
2.1.3. The Concept of Organization-Based Self-Esteem (OBSE) 23
2.2. Variables Related to OBSE 24
2.2.1. Antecedent Variables of OBSE 25
2.2.2. Outcome Variables of OBSE 27
2.3. Literature Review of Identity 28
2.3.1. Prior Research on Identity 28
2.3.2. Social Identity Theory 31
2.3.3. Organizational Identity 33
2.3.4. Athletic Identity 35
2.4. Literature Review of Commitment 38
2.4.1. Organization Commitment 40
2.4.2. Sport Commitment 42
2.5. Organizational Variables at Team Level 46
2.5.1. Organization Reputation 46
2.5.2. Organizational Socialization 47
3. Research Model and Hypotheses 50
3.1. Team-Based Self-Esteem (TBSE) and Commitments 52
3.2. Identities and TBSE 54
3.3. Team Reputation and Identities 58
3.4. Team Socialization and Identities 61
4. Research Methodology 64
4.1. Sampling and Data Collection 64
4.2. Operationalization and Measurement of Variables 66
4.2.1. Team-Based Self-Esteem 66
4.2.2. Team Identity 67
4.2.3. Athletic Identity 68
4.2.4. Team Reputation 68
4.2.5. Team Socialization 69
4.2.6. Team Commitment 70
4.2.7. Sport Commitment 70
4.2.8. Control Variables 70
4.3. Operationalization of Variables 71
4.4. Questionnaire Design 71
5. Empirical Analysis 73
5.1. Characteristics of Respondents 73
5.2. Measurement Model Analysis 76
5.2.1. Measurement Model Validation 76
5.2.2. Common Method Bias Validation 83
5.3. Structural Model Analysis 84
5.3.1. Structural Model Analysis of Research Hypotheses 84
5.3.2. Interaction Effect Analysis 86
6. Discussion 88
6.1. Summary of the Findings 88
6.2. Implications 91
6.2.1. Theoretical Implications 91
6.2.2. Practical Implications 94
6.3. Limitations and Future Research Issues 95
6.4. Conclusions 97
References 99
APPENDIX 129
APPENDIX I. Previous Research on OBSE (in order of year) 129
APPENDIX II. Measurement Model Test Results (Pilot; N=72) 132
APPENDIX III. Structural Model Test Results (Pilot; N=72) 134
APPENDIX IV. Survey Questionnaire 135
Table 2.1. Sport commitment: Operationalization of the variables 45
Table 4.1. Operationalization of variables 72
Table 5.1. Team distribution of survey respondents 74
Table 5.2. Gender distribution of survey respondents 74
Table 5.3. Age distribution of survey respondents 75
Table 5.4. School year distribution of survey respondents 75
Table 5.5. Items that have been removed as a result of reliability and validation 77
Table 5.6. Results of principal component factor analysis 77
Table 5.7. Descriptive statistics and K-S test results 79
Table 5.8. Reliability and discriminant validity 80
Table 5.9. Weights and loadings of the measures 81
Table 5.10. VIF of the indicators 82
Table 5.11. Result of Harman's single factor analysis 83
Table 5.12. Results of path analysis 86
Table 6.1. Summary of the findings 89
Figure 2.1. The sport commitment model (Scanlan et al., 1993; p18) 44
Figure 3.1. Research model 51
Figure 4.1. Steps for data collection 65
Figure 5.1. Structural model test result 85
Figure 5.2. Interaction plot 87