The purpose of this correlation research was to identify influencing of anxiety and frailty on quality of sleep among hospitalized elderly and to acquire and provide a foundational knowledge for development of nursing intervention in order to improve the quality of sleep of hospitalized elderly.
The subjects of this research were 160 elderly male and female inpatients who were hospitalized less than 5 days among elderly older than or equal to 65 years old in H university hospital in Seoul. The survey was performed from 1 Aug 2019 to 31 Oct 2019. The data were collected through one-to-one interview and 100% of questionnaires were returned.
As a research instrument to measure the anxiety, Korean version of GAI(K-Geriatric Anxiety Inventory) that Kim, Jiyun(2014) translated GAI developed by Pachana(2007) was used. To measure the frailty, CKFI(Comprehensive Korean Frailty Instrument) developed by Oh, Eunmi and Hong(Son), Gwi-Ryung(2017) was used. And to measure the quality of sleep, measurement tool of sleep quality of the elderly developed by Kwon, Kyunghee was used.
Data analysis was conducted by using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 program and analyzed the data as frequencies, real number, percentage, average, standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson's coefficient. And the influence of anxiety and frailty on quality of sleep was analyzed by hierarchical regression method.
The results of this research were as the followings:
1. The average level of subjects' anxiety was 6.86±5.63(in a range from 0 to 20) and the average level of frailty was 4.61±2.79(in a range from 0 to 14). And the average of quality of sleep was 32.24±12.43(in a range from 15 to 75) and the average level per item of questionnaire was 2.15±1.17.
2. As a result of analyzing the level of anxiety according to the general characteristics, there were significant differences in gender(t=-2.98, p〈0.01), presence of a spouse(t=-3.01, p〈0.01), educational background(F=3.50, p〈0.05)), economic condition(F=10.09, p〈0.01), satisfaction of family support(t=-2.84, p〈0.01), a number of exercise(F=6.70, p〈0.01), hospital room(t=-2.74, p〈0.05).
3. As a result of analyzing the level of frailty according to the general characteristics, there were significant differences in age(F=10.76, p〈0.01), presence of spouse(t=-6.05, p〈0.01), job(t=-4.18, p〈0.01), economic condition(F=8.89, p〈0.01), satisfaction of family support(t=-5.06, p〈0.01), hospital room(t=-2.89, p〈0.01).
4. As a result of analyzing the level of quality of sleep according to the general characteristics, there were significant differences in gender(t=-2.35, p〈0.05), age(F=3.53, p〈0.05), presence of spouse(t=-4.04, p〈0.01), economic condition(F=5.54, p〈0.01), number of exercise(F=5.40, p〈0.01), hospital room(t=-2.62, p〈0.05).
5. As a result of analyzing the correlation between subjects' anxiety, frailty and quality of sleep, there was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and frailty(r=0.340, p〈0.05), and anxiety and quality of sleep(r=0.498, p〈0.05), and frailty and quality of sleep(r=0.430, p〈0.05).
6. In order to find out the factors influencing quality of sleep, we conducted hierarchical regression. As a result of analyzing anxiety and frailty significantly influenced on quality of sleep and their explanation power on quality of sleep was 31.4%(Ad R²=0.314). In other words, the more anxious(B=0.799), the more frail(B=1.073), the quality of sleep became worse. And among them, the anxiety(β=0.362) had the greatest effect on quality of sleep.
As a conclusion of this research, the factors influencing quality of sleep were found and it is necessary to develop nursing intervention to reduce and manage the inpatients' anxiety and frailty for improving quality of sleep of hospitalized elderly patients.