Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 14
1.1. Background and Necessity 14
1.2. Purpose 16
1.3. Hypotheses 16
2. Theoretical background 17
2.1. Anatomical structure and function of the knee joint 17
2.2. Joint mobilization in the Kaltenborn-Evjenth concept 23
2.3. Total knee replacement (TKR) 29
3. Methods 31
3.1. Research subjects 31
3.2. Research process 32
3.3. Intervention 34
3.3.1. Kaltenborn-Evjenth concept patellofemoral joint mobilization 36
3.3.2. Manual lymphatic drainage 40
3.4. Clinical measurements 42
3.4.1. Range of motion 42
3.4.2. Visual analogue scale (VAS) 43
3.4.3. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS scale) 44
3.5. Statistical analysis 45
4. Results 46
4.1. General characteristics of the subjects 46
4.2. Comparison of pre- and post-intervention knee joint ROM in each group 47
4.3. Comparison of pre- and post-intervention VAS within the groups 49
4.4. Comparison of pre- and post-intervention KOOS in each group 50
5. Discussion 53
6. Conclusion 57
List of references 58
List of abbreviations 71
Appendix 74
Table 1. General characteristics of the subjects 46
Table 2. Comparison of the pre- and post-intervention knee joint ROM in each group 48
Table 3. Comparison of pre- and post-intervention VAS in each group 49
Table 4. Comparison of the pre- and post-intervention KOOS scale in each group 52
Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the entire experimental procedure 33
Fig. 2. Intensity, type, and duration of the intervention 35
Fig. 3. Patellofemoral joint traction 36
Fig. 4. Patellofemoral joint inferior gliding 37
Fig. 5. Patellofemoral joint medial gliding 38
Fig. 6. Patellofemoral joint lateral gliding 39
Fig. 7. Manual lymphatic drainage 41
Fig. 8. Goniometer 42
Fig. 9. Visual Analog Scale 43