Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 13
1.1. Background and necessity 13
1.2. Purpose 16
1.3. Hypotheses 16
2. Theoretical Background 17
2.1. Anatomical structure of the forearm 17
2.1.1. Features of the humerus 19
2.1.2. Features of the radius 21
2.1.3. Features of the ulna 22
2.1.4. Features of elbow joint 22
2.1.5. Features of the radioulnar joint 24
2.1.6. Features of wrist and finger joints 27
2.1.7. Features of intrinsic and extrinsic muscle at the finger 31
2.2. Features and treatment of osteoporosis in DRFs 35
2.3. AO system of classifications of fractures of the distal radius 39
2.4. K-E concept mobilization 41
2.5. Grip strength 43
3. Methods 46
3.1. Subjects 46
3.2. Process of the Research 47
3.3. Intervention 49
3.3.1. Joint Mobilization 49
3.3.2. Finger passive Range of motion exercise 51
3.3.3. Conservative physical therapy (Modality) 51
3.4. Clinical Measurements 52
3.4.1. Range of motion 52
3.4.2. Grip strength 52
3.4.3. Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation 54
3.5. Statistical Analysis 55
4. Results 56
4.1. General Characteristics of the Subjects 56
4.2. Comparison of the ROM in the three groups 57
4.3. Comparison of the Grip strength between three groups 59
4.4. Comparison of the PRWE-P between three groups 60
4.5. Comparison of the PRWE-F between three groups 61
5. Discussion 62
6. Conclusion 66
List of references 68
List of Abbreviations 85
Abstract of korean 89
Appendix 91
Table 1. General Characteristics of the Subjects 56
Table 2. Comparison of the ROM in the three groups 57
Table 3. Comparison of the Grip strength between Three groups 59
Table 4. Comparison of the PRWE-P between three groups 60
Table 5. Comparison of the PRWE-F between Three groups 61
Fig. 1. Flow Diagram of the Entire Experimental Procedure 48
Fig. 2. K-E concept mobilization of PRUJ, DRUJ 50
Fig. 3. Finger passive ROM exercise 51
Fig. 4. Goniometer 52
Fig. 5. Camry Digital Hand Dynamometer Grip Strength 53
Fig. 6. Korean ver. Patient-rated wrist evaluation. 94