Hydro-electric power is a method of generating electricity that the rotational force of turbine blades by using the potential energy of a river or reservoir water. Using energy of water in a high position by dropping, the generator converts into electric energy which is directly connected to the turbine blades. Recently, the necessity of hydropower development is expanding due to the development and support of renewable energy, but it is difficult to construct due to various problems. In addition, considering the topography of Korea, it is not suitable for large scale hydro electric power generation. It is the form of using stored water and inevitably depends on precipitation. Therefore, it is determine that it is suitable as a resource that can contribute to efficient energy production by minimizing environmental hazards and reusing power through small hydropower classified as renewable energy.
The purpose of this paper is to deal with a method of increasing the efficiency of turbine that can be adopt in low head. The bulb turbine, suitable for small hydro power, one of the selected propeller turbine, an axial flow turbine, and among them, was selected as a representative model. In order to improve this turbine, we will firstly check how to reduce the internal loss of the turbine by optimizing the conduit shape, which seems to be the most basic of many methods.