This study sought to find ways to maintain or increase the population by comparing and analyzing the population maintenance plans with the case local governments and the relevant policies of the central and metropolitan governments and local governments. Wanju County was the only local government in the country to win the Presidential Award for its preemptive population policy at the "9th National Population Day Award Ceremony" hosted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on July 10, 2020. Buan-gun is also making efforts to curb the decrease in population by providing childbirth incentives, childcare support, marriage support, and education to improve awareness of childbirth, establishing a comprehensive family center for childbirth and providing integrated services related to childbirth and childcare, but the decrease in the population of the two organizations continues. The government's policy does not reduce the population decrease in non-capital areas, and the concentration of people in the Seoul metropolitan area is accelerating due to KTX. In the case of Wanju County, the population has been maintained for the past five years due to the relocation of public institutions in innovative cities, and proposed a policy to change the country's framework, including the relocation of the headquarters of the 20 largest conglomerates to provincial areas and the relocation of national universities in the Seoul metropolitan area. The government is pushing for detailed measures to cope with changes in the population structure of pan-ministerial governments, comprehensive plans for autonomous decentralization, integrated support projects for population reduction areas, population policies in Jeollabuk-do, and population-oriented policies by cities and counties in North Jeolla Province, but they are not effective, so it is analyzed that if the government enacts a special law that includes the relocation of public institutions, large corporations, and national universities with many jobs, it will not be forced to be distributed to provincial governments. Based on the analysis of this study, the above-proposed "support for basic living security in rural areas," "replacement of innovative cities 2," "the relocation of the headquarters of the 20 largest corporations to provincial areas," "reform the ratio of national and local taxes to 6:4," and "the movement for strong decentralization of non-metropolitan organizations" are in stark contrast to the number of lawmakers in the metropolitan area..As seen in the results of this study, the government or local governments, which are suppliers, cannot find the root cause of the declining population problem by improving their living infrastructure and administrative services, and it is difficult or impossible to come up with a solution in the current administration system. At a time when the spread of the Korona 19 incident to the provinces of the Seoul metropolitan area is more urgent, there should be a groundbreaking opportunity to change the national framework with the enactment of the relevant laws, and the conclusion is that the role of the political circle is more important than anything else to ensure that the provinces and metropolitan areas coexist together, and that in-depth research is also needed in the future.