Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 12
1.1. Background and Necessity 12
1.2. Purpose 15
1.3. Hypotheses 15
2. Theoretical Background 16
2.1. Functional anatomy structure of spine 16
2.2. The biomechanics of the spine 20
2.3. The relationship between scoliosis and breathing 22
2.4. Schroth's three - dimensional exercise 23
2.5. Traditional Chinese Tuina 24
3. Method 26
3.1. Subjects 26
3.2. Process of research 26
3.3. Intervention 28
3.3.1. Schroth three-dimensional exercise 28
3.3.2. Tuina therpay 36
3.4. Clinical Measurements 38
3.4.1. Cobb's angle 38
3.4.2. Height 39
3.4.3. Pain 40
3.4.4. QOL 41
3.5. Statistical Analysis 42
4. Results 43
4.1. General Characteristics of Subjects 43
4.2. Comparison of the Cobb's angle between two groups 44
4.3. Comparison of the height between two groups 46
4.4. Comparison of the pain between two groups 48
4.5. Comparison of the QOL between two groups 50
5. Discussion 54
6. Conclusion 57
II. List of references 58
III. List of abbreviations 68
VI. Appendix 72
Appendix 1. The specific explanation of acupoints 72
Appendix 2. SRS-22 Chinese survey scale 78
Appendix 3. Agreement of Participation 81
Table 1. General Characteristics of the Subjects 43
Table 2. Effects of EG and CG on cobb's angle 44
Table 3. Effects of EG and CG on height change 46
Table 4. Effects of EG and CG on Pain 48
Table 5. Effects of EG and CG on SRS-22 functional status/activity 51
Table 6. Effects of EG and CG on SRS-22 self-image 52
Table 7. Effects of EG and CG on SRS-22 psychological status 53
Figure 1. The original classification according to Lehnert-Schroth. 23
Figure 2. Experimental procedure 27
Figure 3. Bewusstes Gehen strat position 29
Figure 4. Bewusstes Gehen end position 29
Figure 5. Schgzg with elastic band in sitting position 31
Figure 6. Sprossenheber in standing position 31
Figure 7. Schultergegenzug in side position 33
Figure 8. Schultergegenzug in prone position 33
Figure 9. Muscle Clinder in side position 35
Figure 10. Cool down-Moving the ribs in spine 35
Figure 11. Tuina therapy in position 37
Figure 12. Tuina therapy in standing position 37
Figure 13. Radio graphic equipment 38
Figure 14. Cobb's angle 38
Figure 15. flexible rule 39
Figure 16. Visual Analog Scale (r=0.76-0.84) 40
Figure 17. SRS-22 patient questionaire. 41
Figure 18. Effects of EG and CG on Cobb's angle 45
Figure 19. Effects of EG and CG on height 47
Figure 20. Effects of EG and CG on VAS 49
Figure 21. Effects of EG and CG on SRS-22 functional status/activity 51
Figure 22. Effects of EG and CG on SRS-22 self-image 52
Figure 23. Effects of EG and CG on SRS-22 psychological status 53