Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 12
1.1. Background and necessity 12
1.2. Purpose 17
1.3. Hypothesis 17
2. Theoretical background 18
2.1. Chronic low back pain 18
2.2. Lumbar stabilization exercise 20
2.3. Ultrasonics wave 22
2.4. Visual biofeedback exercise 23
3. Methods 24
3.1. Participants 24
3.2. Study Procedures 25
3.3. Study methods(interventions) 27
3.3.1. Motor control exercise(MCE) 27
3.3.2. McGill exercise(ME) 31
3.4. Assessments 34
3.4.1. Visual analog scale(VAS) 34
3.4.2. Muscle thickness test 35
3.4.3. Y-balance test 37
3.4.4. Korean oswestry disability index(KODI) 38
3.5. Statistical analysis 39
4. Results 40
4.1. General characteristics of the subjects and homogeneity tests 40
4.2. Comparison of the pain 41
4.3. Comparison of the muscle thickness test 43
4.3.1. Comparison of the transverse abdominal muscle thickness 43
4.3.2. Comparison of the internal oblique abdominal muscle thickness 45
4.3.3. Comparison of the external oblique abdominal muscle thickness 47
4.4. Comparison of the Y-balance test 49
4.5. Comparison of the korean oswestry disability index(KODI) 52
5. Discussion 54
6. Conclusion 58
List of references 59
List of abbreviations 69
Appendix 72
7.1. Appendix 72
7.2. Abstract(Korean) 74
7.3. Agreement to Participate in Research 76
7.4. Explanation for the subject agreement 77
Table 1. Intervention(MCE group) 27
Table 2. Intervention(ME group) 31
Table 3. General characteristics of the subjects and homogeneity tests 40
Table 4. Comparison of the VAS between the experimental and control groups 41
Table 5. Comparison of the TRA thickness between the experimental and control groups 43
Table 6. Comparison of the IO thickness between the experimental and control groups 45
Table 7. Comparison of the EO thickness between the experimental and control groups 47
Table 8. Comparison of the Y-balance test between the experimental and control groups 49
Table 9. Comparison of the KODI between the experimental and control groups 52
Figure 1. Flow Chart 26
Figure 2. Motor control exercise(MCE) 30
Figure 3. McGill exercise(ME) 33
Figure 4. Visual analog scale(VAS) 34
Figure 5. Muscle thickness test(ACUSONS1000 Diagnostic Ultrasound System, USA) 36
Figure 6. Y-balance test 37
Figure 7. Comparison of the VAS between the experimental and control groups 42
Figure 8. Comparison of the VAS change between the experimental and control groups 42
Figure 9. Comparison of the TRA thickness between the experimental and control groups 44
Figure 10. Comparison of the TRA thickness change between the experimental and Control groups 44
Figure 11. Comparison of the IO thickness between the experimental and control groups 46
Figure 12. Comparison of the IO thickness change between the experimental and control groups 46
Figure 13. Comparison of the EO thickness between the experimental and control groups 48
Figure 14. Comparison of the EO thickness change between the experimental and control groups 48
Figure 15. Comparison of the Y-balance test between (AT) the experimental and control groups 50
Figure 16. Comparison of the Y-balance test (PM) between the experimental and control groups 50
Figure 17. Comparison of the Y-balance test (PL) between the experimental and control groups 51
Figure 18. Comparison of the KODI between the experimental and control groups 53
Figure 19. Comparison of the KODI change between the experimental and control groups 53