Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 13
1.1. Background and necessity 13
1.2. Purpose 17
1.3. Hypothesis 17
2. Theoretical background 18
2.1. Anatomical structure of the lumbar 18
2.2. Lumbar stability 21
2.3. Abdominal draw-in maneuver 24
2.4. Medical training therapy 25
3. Methods 26
3.1. Participants 26
3.2. Study procedures 27
3.3. Study methods(Interventions) 29
3.3.1. Kaltenborn-Evjenth lumbar stabilization exercise(KELSE) 29
3.3.2. McGill exercise(MGE) 32
3.4. Assessments 35
3.4.1. Visual analogue scale(VAS) 35
3.4.2. The Korean Oswestry disability index(KODI) 36
3.4.3. Muscle thickness test 37
3.4.4. Y-balance test 39
3.5. Statistical analysis 40
4. Results 41
4.1. General characteristics of subjects and homogeneity tests 41
4.2. Comparison of the pain 42
4.3. Comparison of the Korean oswestry disability index(KODI) 44
4.4. Comparison of the muscle thickness test 46
4.4.1. Comparison of the transverse abdominis muscle thickness 46
4.4.2. Comparison of the internal oblique abdominal muscle thickness 48
4.4.3. Comparison of the external oblique abdominal muscle thickness 50
4.5. Comparison of the Y- balance test 52
5. Discussion 55
6. Conclusion 60
List of references 62
List of abbreviations 75
Appendix 78
7.1. Korea Oswestry Disability Index(KODI) 78
7.2. Abstract(Korean) 82
7.3. Agreement to Participate in Research 84
7.4. Explanation for the subject agreement 85
Table 1. Intervention(KELSE group) 29
Table 2. Intervention(MGE group) 32
Table 3. General characteristics of subjects and homogeneity tests 41
Table 4. Comparison of VAS between the experimental and control groups 42
Table 5. Comparison of KODI between the experimental and control groups 44
Table 6. Comparison of TRA thickness between the experimental and control groups 46
Table 7. Comparison of IO thickness between the experimental and control group 48
Table 8. Comparison of EO thickness between the experimental and control groups 50
Table 9. Comparison of the Y-balance test between the experimental and control groups 52
Figure 1. Flow chart 28
Figure 2. Kaltenborn-Evjenth lumbar stabilization exercise(KELSE) 31
Figure 3. McGill exercise(MGE) 34
Figure 4. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) 35
Figure 5. Muscle thickness test(ACUSONS1000 Diagnostic Ultrasound System, USA) 38
Figure 6. Y balance test 39
Figure 7. Comparison of VAS between the experimental and control group 43
Figure 8. Comparison of VAS dif. ratio between the experimental and control group 43
Figure 9. Comparison of KODI between the experimental and control group 45
Figure 10. Comparison of KODI dif. ratio between the experimental and control group 45
Figure 11. Comparison of TRA thickness between the experimental and control group 47
Figure 12. Comparison of TRA thickness dif. ratio between the experimental and control group 47
Figure 13. Comparison of IO thickness between the experimental and control group 49
Figure 14. Comparison of IO thickness dif. ratio between the experimental and control group 49
Figure 15. Comparison of EO thickness between the experimental and control group 51
Figure 16. Comparison of EO thickness dif. ratio between the experimental and control group 51
Figure 17. Comparison of Y-balance test(AT) between the experimental and control group 53
Figure 18. Comparison of Y-balance test(PM) between the experimental and control group 53
Figure 19. Comparison of Y-balance test(PL) between the experimental and control group 54