Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 10
I. Introduction 12
II. Literature Review 15
2.1. Definition and characteristics of buah merah (Pandanus Conoideus) 15
2.2. Application of BMO 15
2.3. Characteristics of BMO 16
2.4. Biological properties of BMO 18
III. Materials and Methods 19
3.1. Materials 19
3.2. Enzyme immobilization 19
3.3. Immobilized Eversa Transform 2.0-catalyzed esterification 20
3.4. TLC separation of FFA and acylglycerols 21
3.5. Analysis of FFA and acylglycerol content 21
3.6. Analysis of FA composition 22
3.7. Extraction of unsaponifiable matters 24
3.8. Analysis of β-carotene 24
3.9. Analysis of tocopherols 25
3.10. Analysis of phytosterols 26
3.11. Oxidative stability index (OSI) 27
3.12. Statistical analysis 27
IV. Results and Discussion 28
4.1. FFA and acylglycerol content of raw BMO 28
4.2. Screening support materials for enzyme immobilization 28
4.3. Effect of reaction conditions on the immobilized lipase-catalyzed preparation of deacidified BMO 33
4.3.1. Effects of temperature 33
4.3.2. Effect of glycerol quantity 36
4.3.3. Effect of enzyme loading 39
4.3.4. Optimal reaction conditions 42
4.4. FA composition 44
4.5. Content of minor components 47
4.6. Oxidative stability 52
V. CONCLUSION 54
VI. REFERENCE 55
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 61
Table 1. Total fatty acid (FA) and positional composition of FA in triacylglycerols... 46
Table 2. A comparison of the β-carotene content between raw buah merah oil (BMO)... 49
Table 3. A comparison of the tocopherol content between raw buah merah oil (BMO)... 50
Table 4. A comparison of the phytosterol content between raw buah merah oil (BMO)... 51
Table 5. A comparison of the induction period between raw buah merah oil (BMO) and... 53
Figure 1. Flow diagram of several alternative processes for making buah merah oil (BMO) 17
Figure 2. Effects of support materials on fixation level of Eversa Transform 2.0 and... 31
Figure 3. Effects of support materials on the free fatty acid (FFA) content (A) triacylglycerol (TAG) content (B), and the correlation between the... 32
Figure 4. Effects of temperature on the free fatty acid (FFA) content (A) triacylglycerol (TAG) content (B), and the correlation between the FFA... 35
Figure 5. Effects of molar ratio of FFA to glycerol on the free fatty acid (FFA) content (A) triacylglycerol (TAG) content (B), and the correlation... 38
Figure 6. Effects of enzyme loading of FFA to glycerol on the free fatty acid (FFA) content (A) triacylglycerol (TAG) content (B), and the... 41
Figure 7. Gas chromatograms of raw buah merah oil (BMO) (A) and deacidified BMO... 43