표제지
목차
Abstract 7
Nomenclature 15
제1장 서론 17
1.1. 연구 배경 17
1.2. 국내·외 배출계수 산정 현황 19
1.2.1. 국내·외 배출규제 동향 19
1.2.2. 국내 배출계수 산정 체계 23
1.2.3. 선박 부문 배출계수 산정 현황 26
1.3. 국내 대기오염물질 배출 현황 및 선박 부문 발생 비중 29
1.4. 연구의 목적 31
제2장 실험 장치 및 연구 방법 33
2.1. 대상 선박 33
2.2. 이동식 배출가스 측정장비(PEMS) 35
2.2.1. SENSORS SEMTECH DS+ 37
2.2.2. HORIBA PG-350 40
2.3. 연료 유량 측정 장비 41
2.4. 실측 운항 경로 및 실험 조건 44
2.5. 대기오염물질 배출 수준 평가를 위한 배출량 산정법 46
2.5.1. 국내·외 배출량 산정 체계에 따른 배출량 산정법 46
2.5.2. 실측 기반 배출량 산정법 50
제3장 연구 결과 및 고찰 53
3.1. 선박 및 엔진 사양에 따른 실측 기반 대기오염물질 배출 특성 분석 53
3.1.1. CO₂ 배출 특성 53
3.1.2. CO 배출 특성 55
3.1.3. NOX 배출 특성[이미지참조] 58
3.1.4. THC 배출 특성 60
3.1.5. PM2.5 배출 특성[이미지참조] 62
3.2. 국내·외 배출량 산정 체계에 따른 배출량과 실측 기반 배출량 비교 65
3.2.1. CO₂ 배출량 비교 66
3.2.2. CO 배출량 비교 70
3.2.3. NOX 배출량 비교[이미지참조] 74
3.2.4. THC 배출량 비교 79
3.2.5. PM2.5 배출량 비교[이미지참조] 83
3.3. 실측 기반 배출계수 산정 기법 88
3.3.1. 시간 가중 계수 적용에 따른 배출계수(PEMS-t) 89
3.3.2. 선형 회귀 분석에 따른 배출계수(PEMS-r) 92
3.4. 실측 기반 배출계수와 비교를 통한 현행 배출계수 수준 평가 97
제4장 결론 101
참고문헌 104
Table 1.1. Emission standards for C3 engines of EPA 20
Table 1.2. IMO MARPOL Annex VI NOX emission limit[이미지참조] 22
Table 1.3. Domestic regulations for air pollutant emissions from vessels 23
Table 1.4. In-using emission factors of EEA and IMO for bunker fuel oil 27
Table 1.5. Domestic CO₂ emission factor 28
Table 1.6. Domestic air pollutant emission factor of passenger, cargo and fishing vessel 29
Table 1.7. Statistics on domestic CO₂ emissions in the mobile source 30
Table 2.1. Ship and fuel oil specifications for experiment 34
Table 2.2. Engine RPM by operating telegraph 35
Table 2.3. Specifications of SEMTECH DS+ for measuring particulate matter 38
Table 2.4. Specifications of SEMTECH DS+ for measuring gaseous contaminants 39
Table 2.5. Specifications of PG-350 41
Table 2.6. Performances of ultrasonic flowmeter 43
Table 2.7. Sampling time at each telegraph mode 45
Table 2.8. Factors for calculation of CO₂ emission 50
Table 3.1. Measured emission quantities result for ship A and B 65
Table 3.2. Correlation analysis result of CO₂ emission 69
Table 3.3. Correlation analysis result of CO emission 73
Table 3.4. Correlation analysis result of NOX emission[이미지참조] 78
Table 3.5. Correlation analysis result of THC emission 83
Table 3.6. Correlation analysis result of PM2.5 emission[이미지참조] 87
Table 3.7. Components for calculation of emission factor of gaseous air pollutants 90
Table 3.8. Components for calculation of emission factor of particulate air pollutants 91
Table 3.9. Time weighted emission factor(PEMS-t) of ship A, B for this study 91
Table 3.10. Comparison of emission factors 99
Figure 1.1. The number of vessels entering and leaving domestic ports per year 18
Figure 1.2. Standards for sulfur content in fuel of IMO 21
Figure 1.3. Method of estimating emissions from road mobile source 24
Figure 1.4. Regional total SOX emissions in 2019[이미지참조] 25
Figure 1.5. Statistics on domestic air pollutant emissions by non-road mobile source(2018) 30
Figure 1.6. Statistics of entry by domestic ports(2021) 31
Figure 2.1. Layout of portable emission measurement system 36
Figure 2.2. Layout of SEMTECH DS+ 38
Figure 2.3. Layout of PG-350 40
Figure 2.4. Acquisition method of fuel consumption data 42
Figure 2.5. Linear regression result of ultrasonic flowmeter and ship's flowmeter 43
Figure 2.6. Residual plot for fuel consumption regression analysis model 44
Figure 2.7. Navigation area during experiments 45
Figure 2.8. Calculation procedure for emission rate by using emission factors 46
Figure 2.9. Analysis procedure for measured emission data 51
Figure 3.1. Measured CO₂ concentration in real time by rpm 54
Figure 3.2. CO₂ emission quantity by telegraph mode 55
Figure 3.3. Measured CO concentration in real time by rpm 56
Figure 3.4. CO emission quantity by telegraph mode 58
Figure 3.5. Measured NOX concentration in real time by rpm[이미지참조] 59
Figure 3.6. NOX emission quantity by telegraph mode[이미지참조] 60
Figure 3.7. Measured THC concentration in real time by rpm 61
Figure 3.8. THC emission quantity by telegraph mode 62
Figure 3.9. PM2.5 emission quantity by each tests[이미지참조] 63
Figure 3.10. PM2.5 emission quantity by telegraph mode[이미지참조] 64
Figure 3.11. Comparison of CO₂ emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship A 67
Figure 3.12. Comparison of CO₂ emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship B 67
Figure 3.13. CO₂ emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship A 68
Figure 3.14. CO₂ emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship B 69
Figure 3.15. Comparison of CO emissions quantity by telegraph mode for ship A 70
Figure 3.16. Comparison of CO emissions quantity by telegraph mode for ship B 71
Figure 3.17. CO emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship A 72
Figure 3.18. CO emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship B 72
Figure 3.19. Comparison of NOX emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship A[이미지참조] 75
Figure 3.20. Comparison of NOX emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship B[이미지참조] 75
Figure 3.21. NOX emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship A[이미지참조] 77
Figure 3.22. NOX emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship B[이미지참조] 77
Figure 3.23. Comparison of THC emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship A 80
Figure 3.24. Comparison of THC emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship B 80
Figure 3.25. THC emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship A 82
Figure 3.26. THC emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship B 82
Figure 3.27. Comparison of PM2.5 emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship A[이미지참조] 84
Figure 3.28. Comparison of PM2.5 emission quantity by telegraph mode for ship B[이미지참조] 85
Figure 3.29. PM2.5 emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship A[이미지참조] 86
Figure 3.30. PM2.5 emissions distribution by RPM variance for ship B[이미지참조] 86
Figure 3.31. Method for calculating emission factor 89
Figure 3.32. Linear regression result of CO₂ emissions 92
Figure 3.33. Linear regression result of CO emissions 93
Figure 3.34. Linear regression result of NOX emissions[이미지참조] 94
Figure 3.35. Linear regression result of THC emissions 95
Figure 3.36. Linear regression result of PM2.5 emissions[이미지참조] 96