Title Page
Contents
Abstract 9
요약 11
Nomenclatures 12
1. Introduction 13
1.1. Problem 13
1.2. Literature review 14
1.3. Theoretical framework and flow-chart 18
1.4. Objectives and Scope 20
2. Collision Risk Assessment With Real-Time Data 23
2.1. Real-time data 23
2.1.1. AIS system 23
2.1.2. AIS error rate 25
2.1.3. The Data Collecting Module (DCM) 27
2.1.4. The Data Processing 29
2.2. Risk assessment 31
2.2.1. Hazard Identification 31
2.2.2. Hazard frequency estimation 32
2.2.3. Collision risk index 33
3. HCAAP Process 36
3.1. Requirements for the method 36
3.2. Existing methods 37
3.2.1. IALA Waterway Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP) 39
3.2.2. Environment Stress (ES model) 42
3.2.3. Ports and Waterways Safety Assessment (PAWSA) 46
3.2.4. IMO Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) 51
3.2.5. Potential Assessment of Risk model (PARK model) 54
3.2.6. Other methods 57
3.2.7. Comparison and conclusion 58
3.3. HCAAP process 63
3.3.1. Hierarchical method 63
3.3.2. Preliminary assessment 66
3.3.3. Calculation of DCPA, TCPA, and CRI in each cluster 71
3.3.4. Influence of weather and sea conditions 73
3.4. Combination, assessment and alarm 75
4. Experimental Results 78
4.1. Saigon-Vung Tau water coastal 78
4.1.1. Vung Tau waterways introduction 78
4.1.2. Traffic management in Vung Tau Waterway 80
4.1.3. Marine Environment in the Vung Tau Waterway 82
4.1.4. Assessment Effectiveness of the Marine Environment on Marine Traffic Safety 86
4.1.5. Conclusion 88
4.2. Real-time data and marine environment assessment 90
4.2.1. Real-time data 90
4.2.2. Marine environment assessment 92
4.3. Collision risk assessment from HCAAP performance 94
4.3.1. Input parameters D for identifying encounter vessels 94
4.3.2. Identification and assessment of clusters 96
4.4. Quantification and ranking of CRI 101
4.5. Conclusion 104
5. Conclusion And Future Works 107
5.1. Conclusion 107
5.2. Future works 111
References 113
Table 2.1. AIS dynamic data transmitting interval 25
Table 3.1. Stress ranking and acceptance criteria 43
Table 3.2. Result value of ES model assessment 44
Table 3.3. Features of some popular maritime traffic safety assessment models 60
Table 3.4. Comparison of models 62
Table 3.5. ROT threshold examples 71
Table 3.6. H s threshold defining heavy seas 75
Table 4.1. Assumptions and coefficients for CRId and CRIt[이미지참조] 95
Table 4.2. AIS data as a text file 98
Table 4.3. Preliminary assessment and calculations of encounter clusters 99
Table 4.4. CRI and Ranking encounter vessels clusters 101
Fig. 1.1. Framework of collision risk assessment process 19
Fig. 1.2. Flow-chart of collision risk assessment for multi vessels in large waterways 19
Fig. 1.3. Accident statistical data in Vung Tau waterway in 4 years 22
Fig. 2.1. AIS system overview 23
Fig. 2.2. The difference between calculated and reported values for the SOG and COG 26
Fig. 2.3. Design of Data Collection module 28
Fig. 2.4. Design of Data processing 30
Fig. 3.1. Safety assessment process 38
Fig. 3.2. Modules of IWRAP input 39
Fig. 3.3. Set leg and depth in IWRAP 40
Fig. 3.4. Result data in IWRAP 41
Fig. 3.5. Sample of assessment result applying IWRAP in waterways 42
Fig. 3.6. Assessment result applying ES model in sample waterways 44
Fig. 3.7. A hazard map based on the ES model 45
Fig. 3.8. PAWSA procedure 47
Fig. 3.9. Risk model for assessment 48
Fig. 3.10. Mitigation effectiveness and additional interventions 49
Fig. 3.11. FSA procedure 52
Fig. 3.12. Accident Types and Causes 53
Fig. 3.13. PARK model in fleet management 55
Fig. 3.14. A Hazard map based on the PARK model. 56
Fig. 3.15. Dendrogram 64
Fig. 3.16. HCA in performance 65
Fig. 3.17. Encounter vessels clusters at Mokpo port area 66
Fig. 3.18. The encountered situations 76
Fig. 4.1. Vung Tau Anchorages and Fairways 79
Fig. 4.2. Vung Tau coastal waterway and ocean-going 80
Fig. 4.3. Vung Tau VTS Center 81
Fig. 4.4. VTS operations room in the Vung Tau VTS Center 82
Fig. 4.5. A sample wind forecast map for the southern part of Vietnam 83
Fig. 4.6. Average rainfall and temperature in Vung Tau 84
Fig. 4.7. A sample of tides in the Vung Tau Waterway 85
Fig. 4.8. Effects of winds on ship handling 86
Fig. 4.9. Effects of currents on ship handling 87
Fig. 4.10. Effects of rain and fog on ship handling 88
Fig. 4.11. The AIS data acquisition system in the Vung Tau VTS Center 90
Fig. 4.12. AIS real-time data 91
Fig. 4.13. Plotting of vessels based on real-time data 92
Fig. 4.14. Clusters with D parameter selection 94
Fig. 4.15. Estimation of CRIt and CRId[이미지참조] 96
Fig. 4.16. COG of vessels in clusters 97
Fig. 4.17. Tendency of distance change between vessels in clusters 97
Fig. 4.18. CRI changes with DCPA and TCPA 100
Fig. 4.19. Distance in encounter vessel clusters changed during time 102
Fig. 4.20. Number of encounter vessel clusters in a whole day 103
Fig. 4.21. The average number of encounter vessel clusters per day in three months of observation 104
Fig. 4.22. Total encounter vessel clusters in three months of observation 105