Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 13
1.1. Background and necessity 13
1.2. Purpose 17
2. Theoretical background 18
2.1. Definition of Musculoskeletal disorders 18
2.2. Major diseases related to musculoskeletal disorders 21
2.2.1. Musculoskeletal disorders in cervical 21
2.2.2. Musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder 23
2.2.3. Musculoskeletal disorders in elbow 25
2.2.4. Musculoskeletal disorders in wrist and hand 26
2.2.5. Musculoskeletal disorders in lumbar 27
2.2.6. Musculoskeletal disorders in knee 28
2.2.7. Musculoskeletal disorders in ankle and foot 29
2.3. Causal factors of musculoskeletal disorders 30
2.3.1. Repetitive motion 31
2.3.2. Excessive force 32
2.3.3. Awkward posture 33
2.3.4. Contact stress 34
2.3.5. Vibration 35
2.4. Socioeconomic status of musculoskeletal disorders 36
2.5. Law on musculoskeletal disorders 39
2.5.1. Laws and system related to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in Korea 39
2.5.2. Investigation of factors affecting musculoskeletal burden work 42
2.5.3. Laws and systems related to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in major developed countries 45
2.6. Ergonomic evaluation tool 49
2.6.1. Ovako Working posture Analysis System(OWAS) 50
2.6.2. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment(RULA) 52
2.6.3. Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA) 54
2.7. Physical therapy assessment tool 56
2.7.1. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) 56
2.7.2. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand(DASH) 57
2.7.3. Korean version Oswestry Disability Index(KODI) 58
2.7.4. Timed Up and Go test(TUG) 59
2.7.5. Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36) 60
3. Methods 61
3.1. Analysis of industrial accident status 61
3.2. Analysis a study of musculoskeletal disorders 62
3.3. Musculoskeletal disorders prevention in Korea companies 62
4. Results 63
4.1. Industrial accident status 63
4.2. A study of musculoskeletal disorders 74
4.3. Musculoskeletal disorder prevention program 89
5. Discussion 94
6. Conclusion 96
List of references 98
Appendix 117
[Table 1] Laws and systems related to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in Korea 39
[Table 2] Distribution by age and year of disorder 67
[Table 3] Distribution by gender and year of disorder 68
[Table 4] Distribution by workplace size and year of disorder 69
[Table 5] Distribution by disorder factor and year of disorder 70
[Table 6] Papers related to work-related musculoskeletal disorders 86
[Figure 1] Repetitive motion 31
[Figure 2] Excessive force required operation 32
[Figure 3] Awkward posture 33
[Figure 4] Contact stress required operation 34
[Figure 5] Vibration tool handling operation 35
[Figure 6] Procedure for investigating causal factors 43
[Figure 7] OWAS work analysis sheet 51
[Figure 8] RULA 53
[Figure 9] REBA 55
[Figure 10] Visual Analog Scale(VAS) 56
[Figure 11] Estimated economic loss by year 64
[Figure 12] The number of industrial accident applications, number of approvals by year 65
[Figure 13] The number of industrial accident applications, number of approvals by disease type 66
[Figure 14] Proportion of people exposed to harmful/risk factors(%) and overall score 71
[Figure 15] Exposure to ergonomic harmful/risk factors by gender 72
[Figure 16] Musculoskeletal health problems 73
[Figure 17] The number of published papers by year 76
[Figure 18] The number of published papers by country 77
[Figure 19] Distribution of papers content 78
[Figure 20] Circulatory system of musculoskeletal disorder prevention and management program 89
[Figure 21] Musculoskeletal disorder prevention and management program flow chart 90
[Figure 22] Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevention Center 92
[Figure 23] Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevention Center Operation Program 92