Title Page
Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 11
ABSTRACT 12
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 15
Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 19
2.1. Materials 19
2.2. Preparation of PMs 19
2.3. Physicochemical analysis 22
2.3.1. Particle size distribution and concentration 22
2.3.2. CB and BaP analysis 22
2.3.3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis 22
2.4. Biological analysis 23
2.4.1. Human lung cell culture (A549 cells) 23
2.4.2. PM exposure protocol 23
2.4.3. MTT assay for cell viability 26
2.4.4. Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 26
2.4.5. ELISA assay 27
2.5. Statistical analysis 28
Ⅲ. RESULTS 29
3.1. Physicochemical analysis of PMs 29
3.1.1. Physical characteristics 29
3.1.2. Chemical characteristics 36
3.2. Biological analysis 38
3.2.1. A549 cells exposed to PM 38
3.2.2. MTT Assay for Cell viability 40
3.2.3. Generation of ROS 42
3.2.4. Activation of the pro-inflammatory response (ELISA) 44
Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 47
4.1. Physicochemical characteristics of PMs 47
4.2. Biological effect of unloaded and BaP-loaded CB 49
Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 53
Ⅵ. REFERENCES 55
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 61
Table. 1 Experimental details for the biological analysis. 25
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the fabrication method of particulate matters (PMs). 21
Fig. 2. The microscopic images of particulate matters (PMs) generated through the spray drying process. 32
Fig. 3. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis for size distributions of PMs. 33
Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PMs. 36
Fig. 5. Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) chromatograms of the BaP. 37
Fig. 6. Microscopy images of human lung cells (A549) exposed to particulate matter (PM). 39
Fig. 7. Viabilities of A549 cells exposed to particulate matters (PMs). 41
Fig. 8. Assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in live A549 cells exposed to PMs. 43
Fig. 9. Expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines from A549 cells exposed to PMs. 45
Fig. 10. The mechanisms of inflammatory response in human lung cells caused by the physicochemical properties of PM composed of carbon black (CB) and... 51