표제지
목차
약어목록 14
국문초록 16
Ⅰ. 서론 18
Ⅱ. 문헌 고찰 21
1. 비만(obesity) 21
2. 성별 차이 분석 23
3. 비만과 성별 차이 25
4. 유전체 분석 30
1) 성 염색체 유전자 30
2) 상 염색체 유전자 31
Ⅲ. 연구 내용 및 방법 34
1. 실험 동물 및 실험 디자인 34
2. 공복 혈당 측정 36
3. 혈청 insulin, leptin 및 adiponectin 측정 36
4. Genome-Wide Microarray 분석 37
5. Protein-protein Interaction(PPI) Network 분석 37
6. GO 및 KEGG 분석 38
7. Real-time quantitative PCR 분석 38
8. 통계 분석 39
Ⅳ. 결과 40
1. 체중변화 40
2. Adipose tissue weight 42
3. 공복혈당, 혈청 내 insulin, leptin 및 adiponectin 농도 45
4. Genome-wide microarray 분석 결과 48
5. Genome-wide microarray 분석을 통한 DEGs 확인 51
1) 지방 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 증가한 유전자 52
2) 지방 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 감소한 유전자 55
3) 간 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 증가한 유전자 58
4) 간 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 감소한 유전자 61
5) 근육 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 증가한 유전자 64
6) 근육 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 감소한 유전자 67
6. 선별된 유전자의 mRNA 발현 확인 71
1) 지방 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 증가한 hub genes의 mRNA 발현 72
2) 지방 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 감소한 hub genes의 mR NA 발현 74
3) 간 조직에서 OVX군 특이적으로 발현이 증가 및 감소한 hub genes의 mRNA 발현 76
7. OVX군 특이적 발현 유전자와 주요 표현형의 상관성 분석 78
Ⅴ. 고찰 83
Ⅵ. 요약 및 결론 96
Ⅶ. 참고문헌 99
ABSTRACT 111
Table 1. Adipose tissue weight 44
Table 2. Circulating concentration of glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin 47
Table 3. List of hub genes 70
Table 4. mRNA expression of OVX specific up-regulated hub genes in adipose tissue 73
Table 5. mRNA expression of OVX specific down-regulated hub genes in adipose tissue 75
Table 6. mRNA expression of OVX specific up- or down-regulated hub genes in liver tissue 77
Figure 1. Sex difference in obesity 28
Figure 2. Role of estrogens in obesity 29
Figure 3. Experimental model 35
Figure 4. Final body weight 41
Figure 5. White adipose tissue weights 43
Figure 6. Circulating concentration of glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin 46
Figure 7. Number of up- or down-regulated DEGs in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues 50
Figure 8. Top 10 map of KEEG pathway OVX specific up-regulated genes in adipose tissue 52
Figure 9. PPI network of OVX specific up-regulated genes in adipose tissue 53
Figure 10. Top 12 OVX specific up-regulated genes in adipose tissue 54
Figure 11. Top 10 map of KEEG pathway OVX specific down-regulated genes in adipose tissue 55
Figure 12. PPI network of OVX specific down-regulated genes in adipose tissue 56
Figure 13. Top 11 OVX specific down-regulated genes in adipose tissue 57
Figure 14. Top 10 map of KEEG pathway OVX specific up-regulated genes in liver tissue 58
Figure 15. PPI network of OVX specific up-regulated genes in liver tissue 59
Figure 16. Top 10 OVX specific up-regulated genes in liver tissue 60
Figure 17. Top 10 map of KEEG pathway OVX specific down-regulated genes in liver tissue 61
Figure 18. PPI network of OVX specific down-regulated genes in liver tissue 62
Figure 19. Top 3 OVX specific down-regulated genes in liver tissue 63
Figure 20. Top 10 map of KEEG pathway OVX specific up-regulated genes in muscle tissue 64
Figure 21. PPI network of OVX specific up-regulated genes in muscle tissue 65
Figure 22. Top 7 genes OVX specific up-regulated genes in muscle tissue 66
Figure 23. Top 10 map of KEEG pathway OVX specific down-regulated genes in muscle tissue 67
Figure 24. PPI network of OVX specific down-regulated genes in muscle tissue 68
Figure 25. Top 3 genes OVX specific down-regulated genes in muscle tissue 69
Figure 26. mRNA expression of OVX specific up-regulated hub genes in adipose tissue 73
Figure 27. mRNA expression of OVX specific down-regulated hub genes in adipose tissue 75
Figure 28. mRNA expression of OVX specific up- or down-regulated hub genes in liver tissue 77
Figure 29. Correlation analyses with hub genes and phenotypes 82