Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 18
1. Introduction 21
2. Materials and Methods 27
2.1. Collection 27
2.2. Morphological analyses 29
2.3. DNA extraction and assembly 34
2.4. Phylogenetic analyses 34
2.5. Haplotype network reconstruction 35
2.6. Molecular species delimitation 35
3. Results 37
1. Aegires villosus Farran, 1905 딱딱돌기갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 5A - D) 37
2. Cadlinella subornatissima Baba, 1996 꼬마노랑갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 6) 40
3. Aldisa cooperi Robilliard & Baba, 1972 점박이붉은갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 7) 42
4. Cadlina jannanicholsae Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schrödl & Martynov, 2020 노란점무늬갯민숭달팽이 45
5. Cadlina japonica Baba, 1937 노란테갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 8) 45
6. Cadlina koreana Do, Jung, Kil & Kim, 2020 은하수갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 8) 48
7. Cadlina paninae Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schrödl & Martynov, 2020 수수갯민숭달팽이 50
8. Cadlina umiushi Korshunova, Picton, Sanamyan & Martynov, 2015 작은노란테갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 10) 51
9. Diaphorodoris mitsuii (Baba, 1938) 테고무신갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 11) 53
10. Ceratosoma sp. nov. (Fig. 12 - 14, 57 - 59, Table. 1 - 3) 54
11. Chromodoris nona (Baba, 1953) 주황꼭지갯민숭달팽이 62
12. Chromodoris orientalis Rudman, 1983 흰갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 15) 62
13. Chromodoris quadricolor (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) 청줄무늬갯민숭달팽이 65
14. Chromodoris sp. (Gould, 1852) 65
15. Glossodoris misakinosibogae Baba, 1988 꼬마흰갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 16) 66
16. Glossodoris pallida (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) 창백한주름갯민숭 달팽이 (Fig. 17) 68
17. Glossodoris rufomarginata (Bergh, 1890) 붉은주름갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 18A - D) 70
18. Goniobranchus alderi (Collingwood, 1881) 망사갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 19) 73
19. Goniobranchus aureopurpureus (Collingwood, 1881) 점점갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 20) 76
20. Hypselodoris festiva (Adams, 1861) 파랑갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 21) 78
21. Hypselodoris kaname Baba, 1994 다홍갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 22) 80
22. Hypselodoris sagamiensis (Baba, 1949) 오색갯민숭달팽이 82
23. Mexichromis festiva (Angas, 1864) 보라돌기갯민숭달팽이 82
24. Thorunna florens (Baba, 1949) 꽃잎갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 23) 82
25. Verconia nivalis (Baba, 1937) 흰눈송이갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 24) 85
26. Verconia purpurea (Baba, 1949) 흰줄보라갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 25) 87
27. Dendrodoris arborescens (Collingwood, 1881) 검은수지갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 26) 89
28. Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) 안개갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 27) 91
29. Dendrodoris guttata (Odhner, 1917) 검정반점갯민숭달팽이 94
30. Dendrodoris krusensternii (Gray, 1850) 여왕갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 28) 94
31. Dendrodoris tuberculosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) 물방울갯민숭달팽이 96
32. Doriopsilla miniata (Alder & Hancock, 1864) 그물무늬갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 29) 97
33. Atagema intecta (Kelaart, 1858) 갈색해면갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 30) 98
34. Atagema spongiosa (Kelaart, 1858) 해면갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 31) 100
35. Carminodoris armata Baba, 1993 구름갑옷갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 32) 102
36. Diaulula odonoghuei (Steinberg, 1963) 반점융단갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 33) 103
37. Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1858) 흰비로드갯민숭달팽이 105
38. Jorunna parva (Baba, 1938) 꼬마비로드갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 34) 106
39. Platydoris ellioti (Alder & Hancock, 1864) 구름갯민숭달팽이 108
40. Platydoris tabulata (Abraham, 1877) 노랑납작갯민숭달팽이 109
41. Rostanga bifurcata Rudman & Avern, 1989 붉은융단갯민숭달팽이 110
42. Sclerodoris rubicunda (Baba, 1949) 주황해면갯민숭달팽이 110
43. Doris odhneri (MacFarland, 1966) 귤껍질갯민숭달팽이 110
44. Homoiodoris japonica Bergh, 1882 두드럭갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 35) 111
45. Goniodoridella savignyi Pruvot - Fol, 1933 별사탕갯민숭달팽이 113
46. Goniodoris felis Baba, 1949 고양이불꽃갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 36) 114
47. Goniodoris joubini Risbec, 1928 갈색불꽃갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 37) 116
48. Lophodoris sp. nov. (Fig. 38A - D) 117
49. Okenia barnardi Baba, 1937 긴돌기불꽃갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 39) 122
50. Okenia echinata Baba, 1949 돌기불꽃갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 40) 124
51. Okenia hiroi (Baba, 1938) 불꽃갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 41) 127
52. Okenia japonica Baba, 1949 흰불꽃갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 42) 128
53. Trapania euryeia Gosliner & Fahey, 2008 갈색꼭지갯민숭달팽이 130
54. Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935) 흰꼭지갯민숭달팽이 130
55. Trapania toddi Rudman, 1987 노랑꼭지갯민숭달팽이 130
56. Atalodoris jannaella (Martynov, Sanamyan & Korshunova, 2015) 뾰족고무신갯민숭달팽이 131
57. Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804 혹고리갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 43) 132
58. Phyllidia picta Pruvot - Fol, 1957 반달혹갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 44) 134
59. Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 노랑혹갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 3, 45) 137
60. Phyllidiella cooraburrama Brunckhorst, 1993 혹뿔갯민숭달팽이 140
61. Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) 혹투성이갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 46) 140
62. Crimora lutea Baba, 1949 노랑점능선갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 47) 143
63. Gymnodoris alba (Bergh, 1877) 흰비단결갯민숭달팽이 145
64. Gymnodoris amakusana (Baba, 1996) 주황테비단결갯민숭달팽이 145
65. Gymnodoris citrina (Bergh, 1877) 귤색비단결갯민숭달팽이 146
66. Gymnodoris inornata (Bergh, 1880) 주황비단결갯민숭달팽이 146
67. Kaloplocamus acutus Baba, 1955 창끝능선갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 48A - D) 148
68. Kaloplocamus ramosus (Cantraine, 1835) 잔가지능선갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 49) 150
69. Limacia ornata (Baba, 1937) 주황포도갯민숭달팽이 152
70. Martadoris amakusana (Baba, 1987) 작은능선갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 50) 153
71. Palio amakusana Baba, 1960 작은노랑별갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 51) 155
72. Plocamopherus tilesii Bergh, 1877 형광능선갯민숭달팽이 156
73. Polycera abei (Baba, 1960) 점토시능선갯민숭달팽이 157
74. Polycera hedgpethi Marcus, 1964 꼭지점능선갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 52A - D) 157
75. Tambja pulcherrima Willan & Chang, 2017 꽃분갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 53A - D) 161
76. a Tambja morosa (Bergh, 1877) 용궁능선갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 54A - D) 165
77. Tambja sagamiana (Baba, 1955) 누렁점능선갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 55A - C) 168
78. Tambja sp. 171
79. Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1813) 물방울능선갯민숭달팽이 171
80. Triopha modesta Bergh, 1880 가시갯민숭달팽이 (Fig. 56) 172
4. Discussion 175
5. Conclusion 192
References 201
Appendices 17
Appendix S1. List of collection information for specimens examined in this study 225
Appendix S2. Primers for PCR amplification and sequencing 239
Appendix S3. List of COI gene sequences obtained from GenBank for genetic distance estimation 240
Appendix S4. Intraspecific and interspecific distances of selected dorid nudibranchs based on COI gene sequences 242
Appendix S5. Neighbor - joining tree of selected dorid nudibranchs based on COI gene sequences 243
Appendix S6. List of sequences of Ceratosoma species obtained from GenBank 244
국문초록 246
Table 1. Morphological comparison of the three species of the genus Ceratosoma, Ceratosoma sp. nov., C. trilobatum, and C. tenue. 59
Table 2. Distribution of dorid nudibranchs in Korean waters 177
Table 3. Uncorrected pairwise distances between selected Ceratosoma species based on COI gene sequences. Intraspecific genetic distances are indicated in bold. 191
Figure 1. A map showing the collection localities in Korea. 28
Figure 2. Diagrams of Suborder Doridina. 31
Figure 3. Internal view of phyllidiids. 32
Figure 4. Buccal armature of chromodorids. 33
Figure 5. Aegires villosus. 39
Figure 6. Cadlinella subornatissima. 41
Figure 7. Aldisa cooperi. 44
Figure 8. Cadlina japonica. 47
Figure 9. Cadlina koreana. 48
Figure 10. Cadlina umiushi. 50
Figure 11. Diaphorodoris mitsuii. 52
Figure 12. Ceratosoma sp. nov. 60
Figure 13. Schematic drawing of the reproductive system of Ceratosoma sp. nov. 60
Figure 14. SEM micrographs of buccal armature of Ceratosoma sp. nov. 61
Figure 15. Chromodoris orientalis. 64
Figure 16. Glossodoris misakinosibogae. 67
Figure 17. Glossodoris pallida. 68
Figure 18. Glossodoris rufomarginata. 72
Figure 19. Goniobranchus alderi. 75
Figure 20. Goniobranchus aureopurpureus. 77
Figure 21. Hypselodoris festiva. 79
Figure 22. Hypselodoris kaname. 81
Figure 23. Thorunna florens. 84
Figure 24. Verconia nivalis. 85
Figure 25. Verconia purpurea. 88
Figure 26. Dendrodoris arborescens. 91
Figure 27. Dendrodoris fumata. 93
Figure 28. Dendrodoris krusensternii. 93
Figure 29. Doriopsilla miniata. 96
Figure 30. Atagema intecta. 99
Figure 31. Atagema spongiosa. 100
Figure 32. Carminodoris armata. 101
Figure 33. Diaulula odonoghuei. 103
Figure 34. Jorunna parva. 107
Figure 35. Homoiodoris japonica. 111
Figure 36. Goniodoris felis. 115
Figure 37. Goniodoris joubini. 117
Figure 38. Lophodoris sp. nov. 121
Figure 39. Okenia barnardi. 124
Figure 40. Okenia echinata. 126
Figure 41. Okenia hiroi. 126
Figure 42. Okenia japonica. 129
Figure 43. Phyllidia ocellata. 134
Figure 44. Phyllidia picta. 136
Figure 45. Phyllidia varicosa. 139
Figure 46. Phyllidiella pustulosa. 142
Figure 47. Crimora lutea. 144
Figure 48. Kaloplocamus acutus. 147
Figure 49. Kaloplocamus ramosus. 152
Figure 50. Martadoris amakusana. 154
Figure 51. Palio amakusana. 156
Figure 52. Polycera hedgpethi. 160
Figure 53. Tambja pulcherrima. 164
Figure 54. Tambja morosa. 167
Figure 55. Tambja sagamiana. 170
Figure 56. Triopha modesta. 172
Figure 57. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Ceratosoma including Ceratosoma trilobatum species complex with Miamira sinuata as the outgroup, based on concatenated sequences of... 188
Figure 58. TCS network with six COI haplotypes for the Ceratosoma trilobatum species complex and Ceratosoma tenue. 189
Figure 59. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) results showing the distributions of pairwise distances among COI gene sequences for the genus Ceratosoma species... 190