Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 8
국문초록 10
I. Introduction 12
II. Purpose 17
III. Materials and methods 18
A. Plant material and extraction 18
B. Cell line and reagents 19
C. In vitro experiment 20
1. Cell culture 20
2. Cell viability assay 21
3. Western blot analysis 22
IV. Results 23
A. Extract O. humifusa EtOAc fraction 23
B. Cell viability test (MTS assay) 25
C. Western blotting analysis 27
1. Induction of apoptosis 27
2. Anti-proliferation 32
3. Inhibition of cell repair 35
4. Weakening of nuclear membrane components in pancreatic cancer cells 37
5. Cell cycle arrest 39
V. Discussion 41
VI. Conclusion 42
VII. REFERENCES 43
Table 1. 5-year cancer relative survival rates 15
Figure 1. Photograph of Opuntia humifusa 16
Figure 2. Inhibitory effect of O. humifusa EtOAc fractions on proliferation of PANC-1 cells 26
Figure 3. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 in PANC-1 cells 28
Figure 4. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of pro-caspase-8 in PANC-1 cells 29
Figure 5. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of pro-caspase-9 in PANC-1 cells 30
Figure 6. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of pro-caspase-12 in PANC-1 cells 31
Figure 7. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of ERK1/2 in PANC-1 cells 33
Figure 8. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of Akt in PANC-1 cells 34
Figure 9. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of PARP in PANC-1 cells 36
Figure 10. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of Lamin A/C in PANC-1 cells 38
Figure 11. Effect of O. humifusa treatment on protein levels of CDK4 in PANC-1 cells 40