Although it is that there are various positive effects on the use of music including listening music, singing, and playing instrument, there is a lack of tools to measure them comprehensively. Thus, this study developed and validated tool for measuring music enjoyment.
Data for basic information on music enjoyment were collected from 24 people using open-ended questions. Data for item analysis and the exploratory factor analysis were collected from 361 Chinese adults. The reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion-related validity were analyzed using data obtained from 277 Chinese adults.
The three-factor model for the enjoyment of listening music revealed satisfactory model fits, and good internal consistency, test-retest, and criterion-related validation were showed for its cognitive refreshment, recollection of memories, and excitement subscales. The four-factor model for the enjoyment of singing demonstrated excellent model fits, and moderately good internal consistency, test-retest, and criterion-related validation were showed for its psychological refreshment, enjoying the chorus, recollection of memories, and mood change subscales. And, the four-factor model for the enjoyment of playing instrument also revealed excellent model fits, and good internal consistency, test-retest, and criterion-related validation were showed for its learning and social bonds, achievement and pride, and cognitive refreshment subscales.
This study highlights the utility of the EMS as a useful, comprehensive measure of music enjoyment, including listening music, singing, and playing instrument, to be adopted by researchers, educators, and clinicians.