Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 9
Ⅰ. Introduction 11
A. Necessity of Research 11
B. Research Purposes and Questions 14
1. Research purposes 14
2. Research questions 16
C. Definition of Terms 18
1. Enjoyment of music 18
2. Enjoyment of listening to music (ELM) 18
3. Enjoyment of singing (ES) 19
4. Enjoyment of playing instruments (EPI) 19
Ⅱ. Literature Review 21
A. Concept of Music Enjoyment 21
1. Concept of enjoyment 21
2. Music enjoyment 22
3. The function of music 25
B. Composition Factors of Music Enjoyment 31
1. Music and Cognition 32
2. Music and Emotion 33
3. Music and Relationships 34
C. Music Enjoyment and Subjective Well-being 35
1. Subjective well-being 36
2. The relationship between music enjoyment and subjective well-being 37
3. The relationship between the pressure of modern life and music 39
D. Previously Developed Related Scales 41
Ⅲ. Methodology 44
A. Participants 44
B. Procedure 45
C. Instruments 46
1. Preliminary Music Enjoyment Items 46
2. The Music USE Questionnaire 47
3. The adaptive Functions of Music Listening scale 48
4. The Music Receptivity Scale (MRS) 49
5. The Use of Music Inventory 49
6. Statistical Analysis 50
Ⅳ. Results 52
A. Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Music Enjoyment Scale 52
B. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Music Enjoyment Scale 58
1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Enjoyment of Listening to Music 58
2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Enjoyment of Singing 62
3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Enjoyment of Playing Instrument 65
C. Criterion-Related Validity of the MES 68
Ⅴ. Conclusions 74
A. Major Findings and Discussion 74
B. Limitations of Study 81
C. Recommendation 81
References 83
Appendices 93
Appendix A. Items of MES in English 93
Appendix B. Scales for Criterion-related Validity 103
Appendix C. Results of Content Validity for Preliminary items for Enjoyment of Listening Music 105
Appendix D. Results of Content Validity for Preliminary items for Enjoyment of Singing 111
Appendix E. Results of Content Validity for Preliminary items for Enjoyment of Singing 114
Appendix F. Descriptive Statistics of Final Preliminary Items for Enjoyment Listening Music 115
Appendix G. Descriptive Statistics of Final Preliminary Items for Enjoyment of Singing 117
Appendix H. Descriptive Statistics of Final Preliminary Items for Enjoyment of Playing Instrument 119
Appendix I. The Music Receptivity Scale 121
Appendix J. The Use of Music Inventory 122
Appendix K. Music Enjoyment Scale (Chinese Version) 124
Table 1. The Concept of enjoyment 22
Table 2. The concept of music enjoyment 24
Table 3. Previously developed related Scales 42
Table 4. Factor structure matrix for the scale for Enjoyment of Listening to Music (N=361) 53
Table 5. Factor structure matrix for the scale for Enjoyment of Singing (N=361) 55
Table 6. Factor structure matrix of the scale for Enjoyment of Playing Instruments (N=361) 57
Table 7. Goodness of fit of confirmatory factor analyses for the ELM 59
Table 8. Construct validity and reliability of ELM 61
Table 9. Goodness of fit of confirmatory factor analyses for the ES 62
Table 10. Construct validity and reliability of ES 64
Table 11. Goodness of fit of confirmatory factor analyses for the EPI 65
Table 12. Construct validity and reliability of EPI 67
Table 13. Correlational matrix of MUSE, FLM, MRS, UMI, and ELM (N=277) 69
Table 14. Correlational matrix of MUSE, FLM, MRS, UMI, and ES (N=277) 71
Table 15. Correlational matrix of MUSE, FLM, MRS, UMI, and EPI (N=277) 73
Figure 1. Construct model of the ELM, three-factor model with an error covariance 60
Figure 2. Construct model of the ES, four-factor model 63
Figure 3. Construct model of the EPI, three-factor model 66