Title Page
Contents
ABBREVIATIONS 7
국문요약 12
ABSTRACT 15
1. INTRODUCTION 18
2. MATERIALS & METHODS 22
2.1. Preparation of GHT 22
2.2. UPLC/QE Orbitrap MS analysis of Compounds in GHT 23
2.3. Animal model of chronic ischemic MI 24
2.4. Assessment of cardiac injury biomarkers 25
2.5. Assessment of cardiac function via echocardiography 26
2.6. Assessment of cardiac function via pressure-volume loop 26
2.7. Histological analysis 27
2.8. Western blot analysis 27
2.9. Statistical analysis 28
3. RESULTS - Chapter Ⅰ 29
3.1. Chemical characterization of GHT 29
3.2. Effect of GHT on myocyte hypertrophy. 30
3.3. Effect of GHT attenuated the elevated cardiac injury biomarkers. 31
3.4. Effect of GHT attenuated the decline in cardiac function 8 weeks post-MI. 31
3.5. Effects of GHT on pressure-volume loops-derived left ventricle function indices in rats with induced MI. 32
3.6. Effect of GHT on histopathological changes in rats with induced MI. 33
3.7. Effects of GHT on protein expression of TGF-β/Smad 2 pathway in rats with induced MI. 33
3.8. Effects of GHT on kidney weight and renal function in rats with induced MI. 34
3.9. Effect of GHT on renal fibrosis in MI-induced heart failure. 34
4. RESULTS - Chapter Ⅱ 35
4.1. Effect of GR, HB on myocyte hypertrophy. 35
4.2. Effect of GR, HB attenuated the elevated cardiac injury biomarkers. 36
4.3. Effect of GR, HB attenuated the decline in cardiac function 8 weeks post-MI. 36
4.4. Effect of GR, HB on histopathological changes in rats with induced MI 37
4.5. Effects of GR, HB on protein expression of TGF-β/Smad 2 pathway in rats with induced MI. 37
5. DISCUSSION 55
REFERENCES 60
Chapter Ⅰ. Protective Effects of Guaruhaebaekbaekju-tang on Chronic Myocardial Infarction in Rats 9
Table 1. Effect of GHT on left ventricular pressure-volume analysis in rats with induced MI. 43
Figure 1. Chemical constituents of GHT. 38
Figure 2. Effects of GHT on myocyte hypertrophy. 39
Figure 3. Effects of GHT attenuated the elevated cardiac injury biomarkers. 40
Figure 4. Effects of GHT attenuated the decline in cardiac function 8 weeks post-MI. 41
Figure 5. Effects of GHT ameliorated post-MI cardiac dysfunction in rats. 42
Figure 6. Effects of GHT on pressure-volume loops-derived left ventricle function indices in rats with induced MI. 44
Figure 7. Effects of GHT on collagen deposition and TGF-β1 expression in MI rats. 45
Figure 8. Effects of GHT on protein expressions of TGF-β/Smad 2 pathway in rats with induced MI. 47
Figure 9. Effects of GHT on kidney weight and renal function in rats with induced MI. 48
Figure 10. Effects of GHT on renal fibrosis in MI-induced heart failure. 49
Chapter Ⅱ. Protective Effects of Guaru and Haebaek on Chronic Myocardial Infarction in Rats 10
Figure 11. Effects of GH, HB on myocyte hypertrophy. 50
Figure 12. Effects of GH, HB attenuated the decline in cardiac function 8 weeks post-MI. 51
Figure 13. Effects of GH, HB attenuated the elevated cardiac injury biomarkers. 52
Figure 14. Effects of GH, HB on collagen deposition and TGF-β1 expression in rats with induced MI. 53
Figure 15. Effects of GR, HB on protein expression of TGF-β/Smad 2 pathway in rats with induced MI. 54